{"id":24725,"date":"2018-10-16T16:26:21","date_gmt":"2018-10-16T09:26:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/?p=24725"},"modified":"2022-06-16T14:15:33","modified_gmt":"2022-06-16T07:15:33","slug":"2-017-nguoi-dai-dien-theo-phap-luat-cua-doanh-nghiep-thuc-trang-phap-luat-va-huong-hoan-thien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/2-017-nguoi-dai-dien-theo-phap-luat-cua-doanh-nghiep-thuc-trang-phap-luat-va-huong-hoan-thien\/","title":{"rendered":"2.017. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u2013Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"(TAND) – B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p (LDN) n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00e0y 26\/11\/2014 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c thi h\u00e0nh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 01\/7\/2015, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/a>[1]<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua h\u01a1n 3 n\u0103m \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i s\u00e2u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong LDN n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

1.Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Anh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0:\u00a0\u201cM\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d<\/em>.<\/a>[2]\u00a0LDN c\u1ee7a \u00dac quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n do doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d<\/em>.<\/a>[3]\u00a0Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:\u00a0\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 phi t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n danh c\u00f4ng ty li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d<\/em>.<\/a>[4]\u00a0Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (CTTNHH) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh:\u00a0\u201cC\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd do c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3\u201d<\/em>.<\/a>[5]\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c).<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u201d mang nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1u chung l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m giao thoa nhau v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n danh doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y LDN n\u0103m 2005 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/a>[6]\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn LDN n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Theo \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 LDN n\u0103m 2014 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:\u00a0\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n, b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan tr\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i, T\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d<\/em>. V\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, LDN n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec1u 85 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 90 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (BLTTDS) n\u0103m 2015. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u201cth\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d giao d\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n danh doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u201cx\u00e1c l\u1eadp\u201d giao d\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n danh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u2013 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 LDN n\u0103m 2014 c\u00f3 th\u00eam quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cc\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n x\u00e1c l\u1eadp giao d\u1ecbch, song vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/a>[7]\u00a0M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 134 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (BLDS) n\u0103m 2015 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n danh v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, vai tr\u00f2 \u201cx\u00e1c l\u1eadp\u201d giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

1.2. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Anh<\/a>[8], Ph\u00e1p, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00dac, Hoa K\u1ef3, Singapore,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0, LDN c\u1ee7a \u00dac v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt CTTNHH c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c<\/a>[9]\u00a0(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt). \u1ede Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao bao g\u1ed3m: T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh,\u2026 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty theo l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng.<\/a>[10]\u00a0C\u00f2n \u1edf Singapore, c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 Ban Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, t\u1eebng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c (nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u2013 CEO, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng,\u2026) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng ty v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong ph\u1ea1m vi, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edf t\u1ea1i.<\/a>[11]\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (DNTN) v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p danh (CTHD) trong LDN n\u0103m 2014 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi LDN n\u0103m 2005, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 DNTN v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a DNTN<\/a>[12], c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p danh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a CTHD<\/a>[13]. Tuy nhi\u00ean, LDN n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh doanh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh khi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh CTTNHH v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n (CTCP) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee9c danh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/a>[14]\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a LDN n\u0103m 2014, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung, n\u00ean s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 CTTNHH v\u00e0 CTCP m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, CTHD lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty<\/a>[15].<\/p>\n

1.3. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

LDN n\u0103m 2014 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam qu\u00e1 30 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng ty, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean (H\u0110TV), H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb (H\u0110QT) c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a>[16]. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CTTNHH c\u00f3 hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa th\u00ec th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a H\u0110TV v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty<\/a>[17]. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, v\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, LDN quy \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec khi xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. LDN b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa m\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Trong khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau nh\u01b0ng LDN n\u0103m 2014 l\u1ea1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

1.4. S\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a LDN n\u0103m 2014<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 18 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 LDN n\u0103m 2014 th\u00ec:\u00a0\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd DNTN, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee7 DNTN, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p danh (TVHD), Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u0110TV, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u0110TV, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ty, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u0110QT, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u0110QT, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c danh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n danh c\u00f4ng ty k\u00fd k\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u0110TV \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u H\u0110TV c\u1ee7a CTTNHH hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty<\/a>[18]\u00a0v\u00e0 trong CTHD, H\u0110TV l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cao nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh v\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a H\u0110TV<\/a>[19]. Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a H\u0110TV, th\u00ec th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty; s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n; v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/a>[20]. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, LDN n\u0103m 2014 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ty, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh nh\u00e2n danh c\u00f4ng ty<\/a>[21]. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 18 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 LDN n\u0103m 2014. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 18 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u0110i\u1ec1u 55 (v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd CTTNHH hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 182 (v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n trong CTHD).<\/p>\n

1.5. S\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3n 6 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 LDN n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2017<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 6 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 LDN n\u0103m 2014 th\u00ec: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CTTNHH c\u00f3 hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean,\u00a0n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m giam, k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00f9, tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1\u00a0v\u00ec ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu, l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3, kinh doanh tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1\u00a0<\/em>(BLHS) th\u00ec th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a H\u0110TV v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty\u201d. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CTTNHH c\u00f3 hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u201cth\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 LDN n\u0103m 2014 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cc\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u00f2n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu, l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3, kinh doanh tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi BLHS b\u1ed5 sung ho\u1eb7c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i danh nh\u01b0 BLHS n\u0103m 2015 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2017 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf t\u1ed9i \u201ckinh doanh tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p\u201d th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201ct\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLHS\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong BLHS kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra th\u1eeba trong khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cqu\u00e9t\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i cho quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng vi ph\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

1.6. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa CTTNHH m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi CTTNHH hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

LDN n\u0103m 2014 c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c danh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CTTNHH m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u0110TV ho\u1eb7c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/a>[22]\u00a0Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng CTTNHH hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kinh doanh l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, LDN n\u0103m 2014 c\u00f2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u201ck\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n danh c\u00f4ng ty, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean\u201d<\/em>.<\/a>[23]\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo logic suy ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, trong CTTNHH hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u0110TV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y v\u00e0o LDN n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

1.7. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba khi x\u00e1c l\u1eadp giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CTHD th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p danh ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh<\/a>[24], c\u00f2n CTTNHH v\u00e0 CTCP th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty<\/a>[25]. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch theo kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 141 BLDS n\u0103m 2015. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n mang t\u00ednh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng khai<\/a>[26]. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung d\u00e0i n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro do giao d\u1ecbch v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u00fang t\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a S\u1edf giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0\u201cN\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00f4m nay, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung A, g\u1eedi cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ng\u00e0y mai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00ean s\u1ebd tin ai?\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/a>[27]\u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/a>[28]\u00a0Cho n\u00ean, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 hay c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 179 LDN n\u0103m 2014, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:\u00a0\u201cM\u1ecdi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p danh trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1edbi, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean m\u00e0 trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 11.3 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2005 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:\u00a0\u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3\u201d<\/em>.<\/a>[29]\u00a0Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Anh c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n khi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngay t\u00ecnh, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n) nh\u00e2n danh c\u00f4ng ty (ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n danh c\u00f4ng ty) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o theo c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/a>[30]\u00a0Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00dac c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba ngay t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n suy \u0111o\u00e1n\u00a0(statutory assumptions)<\/a>[31]<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0v\u1ec1 \u201cth\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean\u201d\u00a0(apparent authority)<\/em>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0(implied actual authority)<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ty khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/a>[32]. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n k\u00fd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0(defective contracts)<\/em>\u00a0v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng ty (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng ngay t\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngay t\u00ecnh, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/a>[33]<\/sup>. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, d\u00f9 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan trong tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3<\/a>[34].<\/p>\n

2.M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung vai tr\u00f2 \u201cx\u00e1c l\u1eadp\u201d c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 LDN n\u0103m 2014. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0x\u00e1c l\u1eadp<\/em>, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n, b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan tr\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i, T\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung vai tr\u00f2 \u201cx\u00e1c l\u1eadp\u201d c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cth\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00fd k\u1ebft, \u201cx\u00e1c l\u1eadp\u201d c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n danh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 134 BLDS n\u0103m 2015.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u1ee9 hai,<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 55 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 182 LDN n\u0103m 2014 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi, khi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i LDN n\u0103m 2014 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m lu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a LDN. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a LDN n\u0103m 2005<\/a>[35], v\u00ec LDN n\u0103m 2005 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a LDN.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u1ee9 ba,<\/em>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch ra th\u00e0nh hai kho\u1ea3n (kho\u1ea3n 8 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n 9 \u0110i\u1ec1u 24 LDN n\u0103m 2014) t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa hai kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m s\u00fac t\u00edch trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt. V\u00ec v\u1eady, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00ean g\u1ed9p chung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 8 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n 9 \u0110i\u1ec1u 24 LDN n\u0103m 2014 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cH\u1ecd, t\u00ean, ch\u1eef k\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch, s\u1ed1 Th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed9p chung v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ghi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 DNTN v\u00e0 TVHD c\u1ee7a CTHD c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0,<\/em>\u00a0LDN n\u0103m 2014 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CTTNHH hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 CTTNHH m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh v\u00ean v\u00e0 CTCP l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean<\/a>[36]. Do v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a CTTNHH hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0110i\u1ec1u 55 LDN n\u0103m 2014 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0\u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u0110TV ho\u1eb7c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d<\/em>. Vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u0110TV ho\u1eb7c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 55 LDN n\u0103m 2014 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u0110TV, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c.<\/a>[37]\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m,<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 LDN n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLHS n\u0103m 2015 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2017, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi BLHS c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung kho\u1ea3n 6 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 LDN n\u0103m 2014 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CTTNHH hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m giam, k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00f9, tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00ec ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XVIII<\/a>[38]<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XIX<\/a>[39]<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a BLHS th\u00ec th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a H\u0110TV v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

2.2. C\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Cho n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e1c l\u1eadp giao d\u1ecbch, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c khi th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a>[40]. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed9i dung Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/a>[41]\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c danh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty, nh\u01b0ng \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng khai<\/a>[42].<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng:\u00a0\u201cM\u1ecdi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba khi h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3\u201d<\/em>. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro do nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u mang l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 179 LDN n\u0103m 2014<\/a>[43].<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u1ee9 hai,<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u n\u00ean s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ee7i ro qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:\u00a0\u201cDoanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c l\u1eadp\u201d<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u1ea5p ph\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u1ea3ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ngay tr\u00ean C\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p sau khi ban quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 ngay t\u00ecnh, l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m c kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 142 BLDS n\u0103m 2015. \u0110i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00e1n l\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c l\u1eadp giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba, n\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n danh doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c l\u1eadp giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean suy \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u1ee9 ba,<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn LDN n\u0103m 2014 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng:\u00a0\u201cKhi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, n\u1ed9i dung theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, th\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.\u00a0<\/strong>LDN n\u0103m 2014 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh \u2013 n\u01a1i ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 LDN n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1edf ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/em>.<\/a>[44]\u00a0Do v\u1eady, qua h\u01a1n 03 n\u0103m \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi<\/a>[45]\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung LDN n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 logic trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba khi giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.\/.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[1]<\/a>\u00a0V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Lan Anh (2016),\u00a0\u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u201d<\/em>, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 4\/2016, tr.11.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 323.2 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Anh n\u0103m 2006,<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2006\/46\/section\/323<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 09\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 250D Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u00dac n\u0103m 2001,<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.austlii.edu.au\/au\/legis\/cth\/consol_act\/ca2001172\/s250d.html<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 09\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 11.1 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2005,<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp\/law\/detail\/?id=2035&vm=04&re=02<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 09\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 35.2 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2016,<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/englisch_gmbhg\/englisch_gmbhg.html<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 09\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[6]<\/a>\u00a0Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, C\u00f4ng ty tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (kho\u1ea3n 5 \u0110i\u1ec1u 67, kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 74); C\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n (kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 116); C\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p danh (kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 137); Doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (kho\u1ea3n 4 \u0110i\u1ec1u 143).<\/p>\n

<\/a>[7]<\/a>\u00a0B\u00f9i \u0110\u1ee9c Giang (2015),\u00a0\u201cH\u00e0nh lang ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014\u201d<\/em>, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, s\u1ed1 6\/2015, tr. 18.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[8]<\/a>\u00a0Xem th\u00eam: Geoffrey Morse and others,\u00a0Palmer\u2019s Company Law \u2013 Volume 1<\/em>\u00a0(Sweet & Maxwell, 2015), para.8.101 and seq.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 201A Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u00dac n\u0103m 2001,<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.austlii.edu.au\/au\/legis\/cth\/consol_act\/ca2001172\/s250d.html<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[10]<\/a>\u00a0L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Thu Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Minh Tu\u1ea5n (2016),\u00a0Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>, Nxb. T\u00e0i Ch\u00ednh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr. 157.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[11]<\/a>\u00a0V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Lan Anh (2009),\u00a0\u201cPh\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Singapore v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh doanh\u201d<\/em>, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 12\/2009, tr. 55.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[12]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 4 \u0110i\u1ec1u 185 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[13]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 179 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[14]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[15]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec3m a kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 172 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:\u00a0\u201cC\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p doanh l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 02 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, c\u00f9ng kinh doanh d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean chung\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 179 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:\u00a0\u201cC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p danh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[16]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 5 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[17]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 6 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[18]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 56 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[19]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 177 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[20]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec3m a kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 182 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[21]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec3m b kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 182 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[22]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 78 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[23]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec3m e kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 64 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[24]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 179 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[25]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[26]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 33 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[27]<\/a>\u00a0B\u00f9i S\u01b0\u1edfng,\u00a0\u201cNhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u201d<\/em>,\u00a0http:\/\/tinnhanhchungkhoan.vn\/phap-luat\/nhieu-nguoi-dai-dien-theo-phap-luat-can-song-van-vuong-155815.html<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[28]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 4 \u0110i\u1ec1u 141 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[29]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 11.3 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2005,<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp\/law\/detail\/?id=2035&vm=04&re=02<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[30]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 40 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Anh n\u0103m 2006,<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2006\/46\/section\/323<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[31]<\/a>\u00a0Lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ty \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cvi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00e0\u201d (indoor management rule) v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n suy \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p (statutory assumptions) v\u00e0o \u0110i\u1ec1u 128 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 129 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty n\u0103m 2001.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[32]<\/a>\u00a0Qu\u00e1ch Th\u00fay Qu\u1ef3nh \u2013 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb V\u00e2n Anh (2016),\u00a0\u201cL\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u do vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/em>,https:\/\/www.thesaigontimes.vn\/148793\/Lai-chuyen-hop-dong-vo-hieu-do-vi-pham-tham-quyen.html<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 09\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[33]<\/a>\u00a0Tim Sewell,\u00a0Companies vol. 10(1) \u2013 Directors and other officers, shareholders, shares and share capital<\/em>\u00a0(Lexis Nexis, 2011), para. 76.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[34]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110\u1ed7 V\u0103n \u0110\u1ea1i (2017),\u00a0Lu\u1eadt h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 B\u1ea3n \u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, t\u1eadp 1<\/em>, Nxb. H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u2013 H\u1ed9i Lu\u1eadt gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr. 289.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[35]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 13 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2005:\u00a0\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c DNTN, TVHD CTHD, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u0110TV, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ty, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u0110QT, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c do \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty quy \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[36]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 78, kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 134 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[37]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 57 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 64 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[38]<\/a>\u00a0C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[39]<\/a>\u00a0C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[40]<\/a>\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u00ecnh (2014),\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ccon d\u1ea5u\u201d trong D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>, C\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p,https:\/\/dangkykinhdoanh.gov.vn\/NewsandUpdates\/tabid\/91\/ArticleID\/886\/language\/vi-vn\/Default.aspx<\/a>\u00a0[Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 09\/10\/2018]\n

<\/a>[41]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 29 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[42]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 33 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[43]<\/a>\u00a0Kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 179 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:\u00a0\u201cM\u1ecdi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi TVHD, trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[44]<\/em><\/a>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c (2017),\u00a0Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014 (36 k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p), (T\u00e1i b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda), Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr. 171.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[45]<\/a>\u00a0Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 57\/2018\/QH14 ng\u00e0y 08\/6\/2018 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 2018, th\u00ec Lu\u1eadt doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019.<\/p>\n

PHAN TH\u00c0NH NH\u00c2N ( TAND huy\u1ec7n Lai Vung, \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p – \u0110\u1ed6 TH\u1eca NHUNG ( TAND tx B\u1ebfn C\u00e1t, B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

————————–<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed T\u00f2a \u00e1n Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n (Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u) 16-10-2018:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/tapchitoaan.vn\/bai-viet\/nghien-cuu\/nguoi-dai-dien-theo-phap-luat-cua-doanh-nghiep-thuc-trang-phap-luat-va-huong-hoan-thien<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

(89\/6.887)<\/em>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(TAND) – B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24726,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-binh-luan-gop-y","category-legal-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n2.017. 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