{"id":27329,"date":"2017-07-07T17:00:14","date_gmt":"2017-07-07T10:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/?p=27329"},"modified":"2022-06-19T09:57:34","modified_gmt":"2022-06-19T02:57:34","slug":"1-396-tinh-hop-ly-cua-phap-luat-trong-viec-gioi-han-quyen-tu-do-kinh-doanh-cua-cong-dan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/1-396-tinh-hop-ly-cua-phap-luat-trong-viec-gioi-han-quyen-tu-do-kinh-doanh-cua-cong-dan\/","title":{"rendered":"1.396. T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"(DC&PL) – T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, v\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban t\u1eb7ng. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt[1]. Abstract: Like every rights of human freedom, the right of business freedom is not just a slogan, a decorative thing and not awarded by the state. The right of business freedom is a legal term, which becomes reality if acknowledged by the law through legal guaranty measures.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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  1. Kh\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd v\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. V\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Khai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Anh. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn: \u201cT\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d (An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations)[2]. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1776, c\u00f9ng n\u0103m v\u1edbi Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Hoa k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 ly khai kh\u1ecfi Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Anh. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Khai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Anh n\u0103m 1688[3]. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Hoa k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u201cT\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u0103m 1776 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m ti\u00ean tri, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1776. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, 6.000 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c\u201d[4].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cT\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u201cB\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cB\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u201cAnh cho t\u00f4i th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u00edch, anh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 anh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u201d[5], hay \u201cB\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1m \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t ngon, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i\u201d. Adam Smith c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 \u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c\u2026 T\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao l\u01b0u s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c\u00a0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, Adam Smith \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a GS.TS. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc H\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m: \u201cAdam Smith \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cth\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cai th\u1eafng ai\u201d, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00f2n: ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00eau ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Adam Smith. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d[6]. N\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 Adam Smith \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng quan ni\u1ec7m Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m can thi\u1ec7p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

    2. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc) ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i \u0111a n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p, can thi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ai v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n: (i) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng; (ii) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh; (iii) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng; (iv) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong lu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hay gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, T\u00f2a \u00e1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    3. Khi B\u1ed9 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh doanh[7], m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o do Ph\u00f2ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VCCI) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6\/2016. Th\u1eddi b\u00e1o Kinh t\u1ebf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c[8].<\/em> Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh doanh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cb\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o\u201d. C\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a hay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5m kinh doanh, c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng? Thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n n\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ea5m kinh doanh, tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh… V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i mua b\u00e1n n\u00f3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5m bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5\u2026 V\u1eady kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea5m kinh doanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn\u2026? Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

    4. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia c\u00e1ch can thi\u1ec7p theo c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

    Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t do \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh doanh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nguy hi\u1ec3m cao nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c\u2026 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u00ec bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m: (i) C\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p; (ii) C\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kinh doanh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chung (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng) ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\u2026; (iii) Ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, C\u1ee5c \u0110i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, C\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, \u1ee6y ban ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n\u2026 S\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh n\u00e0y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.
    \nNh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, b\u00e1c s\u1ef9, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n vi\u00ean, ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean, ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 Theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chung, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 do c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00f4ng qua: (i) Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1; (ii) Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; (iii) Ph\u1ea3i tham gia c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e2ng cao chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n; (iv) Ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 ba li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, b\u1ebfp \u0103n c\u01a1 quan, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n\u2026 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o: (i) C\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p; (ii) Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nguy hi\u1ec3m cao cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e1i xe kh\u00e1ch, l\u00e1i t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa, t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y, m\u00e1y bay\u2026 C\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0: (i) C\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p (th\u01b0\u1eddng do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n); (ii) Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean[9].
    \nNh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 n\u0103m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c chi ph\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kinh doanh (c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edf) v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 04 c\u01a1 quan, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: (i) \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng; (ii) H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb; (iii) Ban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh; (iv) Ban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu ni\u00eam y\u1ebft c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n… Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n[10]… M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khi k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, thai s\u1ea3n… V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 chung nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00eam c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c hay chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

    5. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00f9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u01b0\u1eddng bao qu\u00e1t ba nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: (i) Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh; (ii) Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh; (iii) Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1.
    \nPh\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh ra \u0111\u1eddi do quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 do c\u1ea1nh tranh lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau canh tranh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 cartel, lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7t Nam quan t\u00e2m kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea1nh tranh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt C\u1ea1nh tranh s\u1edbm h\u01a1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea1nh tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chung nh\u1ea5t. Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m b\u1edfi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb sau khi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u0103ng, n\u00ean \u00edt ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    6. Vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf\u201d trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u00ean y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf trong quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin so v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng (b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin). Th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng – b\u00ean y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf trong quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p[11].<\/p>\n

    Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u0103m 2010 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chung nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch chung, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1eabu, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2026 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a\u2026<\/p>\n

    7. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean 20 n\u0103m c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o qua c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0: Vedan x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m s\u00f4ng Th\u1ecb V\u1ea3i, Formosa l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n Trung, c\u00e1 ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3\u2026; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh hai \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt \u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chung nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp thu \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

    TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Am Hi\u1ec3u<\/em><\/p>\n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n[1]. Xem th\u00eam: Sonesavanh Sayakone, Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n L\u00e0o, Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n Th\u1ea1c s\u1ef9 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadt H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2016.<\/p>\n[2]. Adam Smith: C\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1997.<\/p>\n[3]. Xem B\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 m\u1edf.<\/p>\n[4.] Xem th\u00eam: Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Adam Smith v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1776, ngu\u1ed3n: Mark Skousen (2007), \u201cAdam Smith Declares an Economic Revolution in 1776\u201d (Chapter 1), in Mark Skousen, The Big Three in Economics: Adam Smith, Karl Marx, And John Maynard Keynes (: M.E.Sharpe), pp. 3-45. Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch & Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh: Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0.<\/p>\n[5]. Xem: GS, TS. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc H\u00f9ng, Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Adam Smith trong l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, 07\/7\/2015 21:25\u2019, http:\/\/www.tapchicongsan.org.vn\/Home\/Binh-luan\/2015\/34143\/Nguon-goc-su-giau-co-cua-cac-dan-toc-Mot-so-bai.aspx<\/a>.<\/p>\n[6]. Xem: GS.TS. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc H\u00f9ng, Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Adam Smith trong l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, 07\/7\/2015 21:25\u2019,<\/p>\n

    http:\/\/www.tapchicongsan.org.vn\/Home\/Binh-luan\/2015\/34143\/Nguon-goc-su-giau-co-cua-cac-dan-toc-Mot-so-bai.aspx<\/a>.<\/p>\n[7]. Xem th\u00eam: Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Khi\u00eam, Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh doanh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

    [8]. Xem: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u0169ng vi hi\u1ebfn, TBKTSG s\u1ed1 26-2016 (1.332), ng\u00e0y 23\/6\/2016.<\/em><\/p>\n[9]. Xem: Nguy\u1ec5n Am Hi\u1ec3u, Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh doanh?TBKTSG s\u1ed1 26-2016 (1.332), ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n

    23\/6\/2016.[10]. Xem: Nguy\u1ec5n Am Hi\u1ec3u, H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt so s\u00e1nh, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 4 (180) n\u0103m 2003.<\/p>\n[11]. Xem th\u00eam: Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Huy\u1ec1n Sang, Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

    ——————-<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 & Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt 7-2017:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    http:\/\/tcdcpl.moj.gov.vn\/qt\/tintuc\/Pages\/xay-dung-phap-luat.aspx?ItemID=372<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

    (60\/3.510)<\/em>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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