{"id":3020,"date":"2018-09-20T15:21:23","date_gmt":"2018-09-20T08:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/?p=3020"},"modified":"2022-11-03T07:23:06","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T00:23:06","slug":"312-binh-luan-thuc-trang-phap-luat-ve-hop-dong-tin-dung-nhung-vuong-mac-bat-cap-cua-phap-luat-tu-thuc-tien-thi-hanh-de-xuat-huong-hoan-thien-phap-luat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/312-binh-luan-thuc-trang-phap-luat-ve-hop-dong-tin-dung-nhung-vuong-mac-bat-cap-cua-phap-luat-tu-thuc-tien-thi-hanh-de-xuat-huong-hoan-thien-phap-luat\/","title":{"rendered":"312. B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng: Nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n thi h\u00e0nh & \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt."},"content":{"rendered":"(ANVI) – Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt ANVI, Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i vi\u00ean VIAC tham gia Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1. Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (TCTD) n\u0103m 2010 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD v\u00e0 chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1c TCTD) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c cam k\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 cho vay, chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u, cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, bao thanh to\u00e1n, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1.2. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng hay h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng bao thanh to\u00e1n, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

1.3. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh doanh r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc, b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

2. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1958 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay ti\u1ec1n\u201d[2]<\/a>, \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay v\u1ed1n\u201d[3]<\/a>, \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay\u201d[4]<\/a>, \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d[5]<\/a>, \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, ng\u00e0nh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vay, m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cho vay g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 1990 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 cho vay. T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng thu\u00ea mua (nay l\u00e0 cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh) v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 bao thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, \u201ccho vay\u201d g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 cho vay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u201cTh\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201cTh\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 cho vay\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cQuy ch\u1ebf cho vay\u201d, nh\u01b0ng trong n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec v\u1eabn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay\u201d[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong s\u1ed1 8 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay v\u1ed1n, 2 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay v\u00e0 4 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ct\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m \u201cc\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 cho vay, chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u, cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c\u201d[9]<\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang l\u00e0 \u201ccho vay\u201d.<\/p>\n

2.2. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
TT<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/td>\nLo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 2015<\/strong><\/td>\nV\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng bao thanh to\u00e1n\u201d<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 02\/2017\/TT-NHNN 17-5-2017 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (NHNN) \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao thanh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a TCTD, chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh\u201d[10]<\/a><\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 – H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n (tu\u1ef3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n)<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 07\/2015\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 25-6-2015 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ed1n\u201d (\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ed1n\u201d)<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 42\/2011\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 15-12-2011 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 24\/2016\/ TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 30-6-2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 04\/2013\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 01-3-2013 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a TCTD, chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 21\/2016\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 30-6-2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u201d<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u00ea t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nLu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 2010.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 39\/2014\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 07-5-2014 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 \u201cHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

6.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay\u201d<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 21\/2012\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 18-6-2012 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vay, \u0111i vay; mua, b\u00e1n c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c TCTD, chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 18\/2016\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 30-6-2016.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 04\/2015\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 31-12-2015 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ef9 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 06\/2017\/ TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 05-7-2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

7.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 01\/2018\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 26-01-2018 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 cho vay \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi TCTD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d.<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng\u201d<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 43\/2016\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 30-12-2016 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vay ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nNgh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1\u00a042\/2017\/QH14 ng\u00e0y 21-6-2017 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 \u201cTh\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 32\/2017\/N\u0110-CP ngyaf 31-3-2017 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 \u201cT\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 34\/2018\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 08-3-2018 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u201cV\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 18\/2015\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 22-10-2015 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

10.<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1i c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n\u201d (\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1i c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n\u201d)<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 15\/2012\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 04-5-2012 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN\u00a0 \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c NHNN Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00e1i c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cho vay l\u1ea1i theo h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c TCTD\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.<\/td>\n\u201cTh\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn cho vay\u201d<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 39\/2016\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 30-12-2016 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vay c\u1ee7a TCTD, chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c\u00a0\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng bao thanh to\u00e1n\u201d, \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh\u201d, \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ed1n\u201d (\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ed1n\u201d), \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d, \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u201d, \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay\u201d, \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d, \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng\u201d, \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d, \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1i c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n\u201d (\u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1i c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n\u201d) v\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn cho vay\u201d n\u00eau tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 2010 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 2 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d[11]<\/a> v\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u201d[12]<\/a> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD.<\/p>\n

3. Giao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay:<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 giao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c giao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, TCTD c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vay hay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay c\u1ee7a TCTD ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n TCTD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb k\u1ebf to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 cho vay, bao g\u1ed3m: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n; h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m; b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng; quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vay c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n; nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3n vay li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

3.2. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 giao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 NHNN \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1i TCTD g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p doanh[15]<\/a>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 6 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD, bao g\u1ed3m 3 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ri\u00eang trong quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 v\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1999 ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p danh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 2015 sau n\u00e0y[16]<\/a>. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 kinh doanh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 07-3-2005, n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1i TCTD ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 2 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n[17]<\/a>, trong \u0111\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p danh l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hai B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1995 v\u00e0 2005, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham gia quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 15-3-2017, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1i TCTD ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m 2 nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n[18]<\/a>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n tham gia quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham gia x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n tham gia x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ed9 kinh doanh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n,\u2026[20]<\/a> V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y trong giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1eabn ghi \u0111\u00fang t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t quan h\u1ec7 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Theo \u0111\u00f3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay h\u1ed9 kinh doanh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng (tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n[21]<\/a>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tham gia quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2014, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn tham gia giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng ty, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a NHNN \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, h\u1ed9 kinh doanh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n vay v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c TCTD. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 th\u00f4ng qua quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb sau ng\u00e0y 01-3-2019 tr\u1edf \u0111i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n[22]<\/a>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c TCTD.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c & t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch. V\u00ec v\u1eady y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang trong quan h\u1ec7 vay v\u1ed1n, m\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c chhur th\u1ec3 theo gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, h\u1ed9 kinh doanh, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd th\u00ec x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015, v\u1eeba ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc, r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

4. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vay v\u1ed1n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

4.1. \u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vay v\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u201ct\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee7 18 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ct\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee7 15 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 18 tu\u1ed5i\u201d[23]<\/a> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch vay v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang th\u00e0nh 2 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay v\u1ed1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

4.2. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n:<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vay v\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0 \u201cNhu c\u1ea7u vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d[24]<\/a> l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m, ch\u1ee9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng do ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00eau s\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u201cNhu c\u1ea7u vay v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d th\u00ec h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

4.3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n:<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vay v\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3 thi\u201d[25]<\/a> ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cho vay s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cho vay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, v\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m, xem x\u00e9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201ckh\u1ea3 thi\u201d v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ckh\u1ea3 thi\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201ckh\u1ea3\u00a0 thi\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vay v\u1ed1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

5.<\/strong> C\u1ea5m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf <\/strong>cho vay:<\/strong><\/p>\n

5.1. C\u1ea5m cho vay:<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 2010 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vay trong 6 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh TCTD[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1627\/2001\/Q\u0110-NHNN tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m cho vay, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho vay l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay\u201d[27]<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay\u201d l\u00e0 ai trong s\u1ed1 4 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau \u0111\u00e2y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay trong ph\u00f2ng, ban, chi nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a TCTD \u0111\u00f3; ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay trong c\u1ea3 TCTD \u0111\u00f3; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay trong c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5.2. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho vay:<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cK\u1ebf to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng[28]<\/a>\u201d, \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cK\u1ebf to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng[29]<\/a>\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 1997 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cC\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a TCTD[30]<\/a>\u201d, nh\u01b0ng Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 2010 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cc\u1ee7a TCTD\u201d sau \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cc\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cc\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp[31]<\/a>\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh TCTD hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u201cc\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c vay v\u1ed1n?<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m sang vi\u1ec7c cho vay c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i chung, cho vay n\u00f3i ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 cho vay v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i trong 5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d[32]<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 2 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 4 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau?<\/p>\n

5.3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD theo h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cc\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh TCTD cho vay\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5m cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n

6. C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho vay:<\/strong><\/p>\n

6.1. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho vay n\u00eau tr\u00ean, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i chung, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho vay n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c TCTD, nh\u01b0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho vay trung h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi[33]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 1997 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cT\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a TCTD…<\/em>\u201d[34]<\/a>. Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 2010 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cT\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i,…<\/em>\u201d[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

6.2. V\u1edbi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, theo l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3\u201d th\u00ec s\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u201d[36]<\/sup><\/a>, \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay\u201d, \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u201d sau khi TCTD ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh tr\u1ea3 thay, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m \u201ds\u1ed1 d\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh\u201d, \u201cs\u1ed1 d\u01b0 bao thanh to\u00e1n\u201d hay \u201cm\u1ee9c chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u\u201d. V\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 2010, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 sau khi c\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 bao thanh to\u00e1n\u201d, m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed1 d\u01b0 bao thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cS\u1ed1 d\u01b0 bao thanh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb bao thanh to\u00e1n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho b\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng theo tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng bao thanh to\u00e1n<\/em>\u201d[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh\u201d m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed1 d\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh\u201d. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cT\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a TCTD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15% (m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a TCTD<\/em>\u201d[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Hay quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cT\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a TCTD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 60% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a TCTD<\/em>\u201d[39]<\/a>. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh\u201d, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed1 d\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh\u201d. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cS\u1ed1 d\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cam k\u1ebft b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cam k\u1ebft b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng, s\u1ed1<\/em> d\u01b0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cam k\u1ebft x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/em>\u201d[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ee9c chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u\u201d. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea9u t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng 15% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a TCTD nh\u1eadn chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u[41]<\/a>. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2013 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ee9c chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u\u201d[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

6.3. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u201d kh\u00e1c nhau. \u201cD\u01b0 n\u1ee3\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong \u201cs\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 2010, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hay \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho vay, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u201cs\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3\u201d nh\u01b0 \u201cs\u1ed1 d\u01b0 bao thanh to\u00e1n\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3 bao thanh to\u00e1n\u201d[43]<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201ct\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 bao thanh to\u00e1n, s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, m\u1ee9c mua, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p,…[44]<\/a> l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 cho vay, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, mua tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p, bao thanh to\u00e1n, chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea9u, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 \u0111ang t\u1eeb t\u1eeb 45%, 55%, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 70% tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c 15% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a TCTD.<\/p>\n

6.4. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1eadt theo h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cd\u01b0 n\u1ee3\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho vay n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

7. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00ed cho vay:<\/strong><\/p>\n

7.1. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay trong h\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay c\u00f3 l\u00e3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3i[45]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c TCTD, tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng qua c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho vay ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00e3i hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 0%[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 05-11-2010 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 2016, theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005[47]<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n[48]<\/a>, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 13,5%\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017 tr\u1edf \u0111i, theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 468 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 20%\/n\u0103m. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,<\/em> tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1995 v\u00e0 2005 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p xa so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t giao d\u1ecbch cho vay th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho vay c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, <\/em>c\u00e1c TCTD l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vay ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 cho vay t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 50 \u2013 70%\/n\u0103m v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c To\u00e0 \u00e1n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba,<\/em> doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vay c\u00e1c TCTD, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i vay v\u1ed1n \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 9, Lu\u1eadt Thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2008 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2013) l\u1ea1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e3i vay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150% m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (13,5%), m\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u00ec m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t vay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0,<\/em> b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1995 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n 1,5 l\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD[49]<\/a>. N\u0103m 1999, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cao g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 3 l\u1ea7n n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 9 l\u1ea7n n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo ng\u00e0y so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c TCTD (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho vay d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 ng\u00e0y, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 0,3 %\/ng\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c 1.095%\/n\u0103m, t\u1eeb 10 ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 3%\/th\u00e1ng, t\u1ee9c 36%\/n\u0103m)[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cl\u00e3i su\u1ea5t theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 20%\/n\u0103m c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n vay<\/em>, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p <\/em>lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015[51]<\/a> v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cTCTD v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, ph\u00ed c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a TCTD theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 2010[52]<\/a> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u00ec th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chung 20%\/n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mua, thu\u00ea mua nh\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 4,8% – 5%\/n\u0103m[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Do quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00ean TCTD \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp do lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, n\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o cung c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00e0 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t chung cho m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e2ng tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t l\u00ean m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 50%\/n\u0103m (l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch vay ti\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nay). C\u00f2n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t vay ti\u1ec1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD. Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i cho vay l\u00e3i n\u1eb7ng, n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn gi\u1eef, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 100%\/n\u0103m, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e2u nay.<\/p>\n

7.2. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 vay tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00e3i th\u00ec b\u00ean vay c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3i theo k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c<\/em>\u201d[54]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 39\/2016\/TT-NHNN kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u201cph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed th\u1ebf n\u00e0o[55]<\/a>. N\u1ebfu theo \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, \u201cph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n\u201d ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng \u201cto\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3i theo k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n\u201d c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3n vay, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201clu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c\u201d, ch\u1ee9 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean vay ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng \u201cto\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3i theo k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i g\u00ec h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3i h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i cho kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay (c\u00f3 khi t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m). Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c, l\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cho vay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD m\u00e0 thu ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c TCTD ch\u1ec9 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn thu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng thu ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u1ebfu b\u00ean vay tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 50% s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i theo k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

7.3. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015, khi b\u00ean vay ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n vay, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u201ctr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i tr\u00ean n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t vay theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c\u201d. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,<\/em> \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng 150% l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho vay b\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 cho vay v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao (v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay l\u00e0 20% v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cho vay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD). M\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 m\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh tr\u00e2y \u1ef3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vay v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai,<\/em> quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu cho vay v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n 4%\/n\u0103m, th\u00ec l\u00e3i qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 6%, trong khi n\u1ebfu cho vay v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng 60%, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 90%. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n, c\u00f9ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i \u0111a 2%, c\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i \u0111a 40% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, th\u00ec quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ea3 theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\u201d[56]<\/a> c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba,<\/em> kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n \u201ckh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay\u201d trong h\u1ea1n[57]<\/a>, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee9ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n \u201cb\u1eb1ng 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t vay\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c (cao h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec \u201cl\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng 130% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t khi cho vay\u201d[58]<\/a> l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt. Hay ch\u00ednh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ckh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

7.4. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n:<\/p>\n

L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n l\u00e0 10%\/n\u0103m theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00c1n l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 08\/2016\/AL[60]<\/a> v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y x\u00e9t x\u1eed s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u00e1n n\u1ed9i dung sau: Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thanh to\u00e1n cho TCTD kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i tr\u00ean n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c trong h\u1ea1n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), l\u00e3i n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a thanh to\u00e1n theo m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thanh to\u00e1n xong kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, TCTD cho vay, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thanh to\u00e1n theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, TCTD cho vay.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u00c1n l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 08\/2016\/AL c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m sai v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, <\/em>sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi T\u00f2a \u00e1n ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft;<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai,<\/em> sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n;<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba,<\/em> ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c TCTD, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00e1n l\u1ec7 n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, v\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed9i dung vi hi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

7.5. Ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vay:<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 39\/2016\/TT-NHNN quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, TCTD v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thu c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vay nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m 5 lo\u1ea1i sau[61]<\/a>: Ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n, ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 cho h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, ph\u00ed thu x\u1ebfp cho vay h\u1ee3p v\u1ed1n, ph\u00ed cam k\u1ebft r\u00fat v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thu c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00ed h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 cho vay, ph\u00ed th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3n vay, ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n, ph\u00ed cho m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, ph\u00ed c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 (gia h\u1ea1n n\u1ee3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3),\u2026<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c TCTD thu c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00ed ra \u0111\u1eddi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 cao v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2010, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2011[63]<\/a>. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c thu ph\u00ed th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e1ch qua vi\u1ec7c thu ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cho vay.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn nay, sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m thu ph\u00ed nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean t\u1ef1 do tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay cao, kh\u00f4ng thu ph\u00ed, ho\u1eb7c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thu ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cho vay. Tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 thu ph\u00ed theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay.<\/p>\n

8. Bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay:<\/strong><\/p>\n

8.1. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 9 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m: C\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc, k\u00fd c\u01b0\u1ee3c, k\u00fd qu\u1ef9, b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7m gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean trong quan h\u1ec7 cho vay th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn 5 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, k\u00fd qu\u1ef9, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn 3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u00fd c\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ea7m gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong quan h\u1ec7 cho vay, nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

8.2. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 k\u00fd qu\u1ef9, c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 trong quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

8.3. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c cho vay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0[65]<\/a>:<\/p>\n