{"id":4714,"date":"2010-10-09T16:16:29","date_gmt":"2010-10-09T09:16:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/?p=4714"},"modified":"2024-11-07T14:15:37","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T07:15:37","slug":"129-hop-dong-tin-dung-quy-dinh-va-thuc-tien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/129-hop-dong-tin-dung-quy-dinh-va-thuc-tien\/","title":{"rendered":"129. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng  | Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><span style=\"color: #723918;\">H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng | Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>(<strong><a style=\"color: #723900;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/anvilawfirm\">ANVI<\/a><\/strong>) &#8211; B\u00e0i trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch C\u1ea9m nang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h5><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng <\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 2005 (BLDS). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ean cho vay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (TCTD), trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (sau \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng).<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay, theo \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u00ean cho vay giao cho b\u00ean vay m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh theo tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e3i. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u00ean vay l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 kinh doanh, th\u00ec h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu b\u00ean vay l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (\u00a7 29.1, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1).<\/p>\n<p>Cho vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n, th\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng cho vay. D\u1ea5u \u1ea5n v\u1eabn \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb giao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cc\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cx\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay\u201d hay l\u00e0 \u201cy\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh\u201d t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n vay v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau khi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n, th\u00ec xu th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi \u1ea5y, b\u00ean vay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n chi ph\u1ed1i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00ean th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan l\u00e0 BLDS, Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD v\u00e0 Quy ch\u1ebf Cho vay c\u1ee7a TCTD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng do Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (NHNN) ban h\u00e0nh (hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1627\/2001\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 31-12-2001), \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>So s\u00e1nh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u1ed1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Xu th\u1ebf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c vay v\u1ed1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa v\u1ed1n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\"><strong>TT<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\"><strong>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"236\"><strong>T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"217\"><strong>T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<td width=\"236\">Doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<td width=\"217\">Doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">Lo\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n<\/td>\n<td width=\"236\">H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<td width=\"217\">Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">Quy m\u00f4<\/td>\n<td width=\"236\">Nh\u1ecf<\/td>\n<td width=\"217\">L\u1edbn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<td width=\"236\">Ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<td width=\"217\">D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>\n<td width=\"236\">H\u1eb9p<\/td>\n<td width=\"217\">R\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, b\u00ean vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng vay, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ee3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ee3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD l\u00e0 \u201c<em>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7<\/em>\u201d (\u00a7 54.4). Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hay NHNN gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vay v\u1ed1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u00ean cho vay kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay, trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay v\u1ed1n, n\u1ebfu b\u00ean vay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trong nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay v\u1ed1n trong c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean vay, Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vay v\u1ed1n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean vay (\u00a7 53.3).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vay, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n vay, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c vay, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n vay, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn (\u00a7 51 Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD).<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eabu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1eabu theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS (\u00a7 407), m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u00ean vay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u00ean vay th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean vay v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>So v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vay v\u1ed1n, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3 (gi\u1ea5y nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3),&#8230; Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vay v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n vay, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch vay, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t vay v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00ean vay. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng k\u00fd ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, n\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. Do h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m k\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi x\u1ea3y ra tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1eeba do truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u1eeba do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00ean b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00eam m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3. Kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1edbi b\u00ean vay, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cho vay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi hai b\u00ean vay \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vay v\u1ed1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u00ean vay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khi \u1ea5y, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn chung nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ean vay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 vay v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Khi \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, thay v\u00ec c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay, v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong giao d\u1ecbch vay v\u1ed1n, v\u1eeba t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p b\u00ean vay r\u00fat v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 vay trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n vay cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n vay v\u1ed1n, b\u00ean vay ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n k\u00fd kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3 thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n cho vay<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n cho vay trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 trung, d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kho\u1ea3n vay vay ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 12 th\u00e1ng (1 n\u0103m);<\/li>\n<li>Kho\u1ea3n vay trung h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean 12 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 60 th\u00e1ng (1 &#8211; 5 n\u0103m);<\/li>\n<li>Kho\u1ea3n vay d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 60 th\u00e1ng (5 n\u0103m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n vay trung, d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh theo nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m s\u1ebd t\u0103ng theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh doanh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, th\u00ec th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n cho vay, cho n\u00ean lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo m\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n vay \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (ng\u00e0y r\u00fat v\u1ed1n hay ng\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n) cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng theo tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u..<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 mua b\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n. T\u00ednh theo th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef3.<\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">BLDS quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t vay do c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150% c\u1ee7a l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n do NHNN c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i cho vay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (\u00a7 476.1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay t\u1eeb tr\u00ean 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi 1.500% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0a ra To\u00e0 \u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed, th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i vi ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 202\/2004\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 10-12-2004 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 X\u1eed ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho vay v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1999 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho vay v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb 10 l\u1ea7n tr\u1edf l\u00ean (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1.500% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u00ean) c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i cho vay l\u00e3i n\u1eb7ng (\u00a7 163). Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cho vay \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, trong khi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2002 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010 NHNN \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vay v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ea7n 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u00e3i <\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh l\u00e3i ti\u1ec1n vay trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y, th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m. Th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n t\u00ednh l\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00f3 360 ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 30 ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 28, 29, 30 hay 31 ng\u00e0y (Q\u0110 652\/2001\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 17-5-2001 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN).<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i (hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i). N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean hay gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t l\u00ean, xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ghi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng: <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t trong H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 3 th\u00e1ng\/l\u1ea7n, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m lo\u1ea1i 12 th\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng A c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi 5%\/n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 10%\/n\u0103m.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho vay t\u00ednh l\u00e3i tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c vay ban \u0111\u1ea7u (add-on), th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00f4ng ty A k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng vay 10 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t 12%\/n\u0103m, trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 20 th\u00e1ng, tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e3i h\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>N\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng theo d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n) nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 1,05 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>N\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong cho vay ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u00e3i tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c vay ban \u0111\u1ea7u (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i), th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0: 10 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng x 20 (th\u00e1ng) x 1%\/th\u00e1ng = 2 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec tuy c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t 12%\/n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 21,63%\/n\u0103m.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay trong h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 150% n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do NHNN quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf BLDS n\u0103m 1995 giao cho NHNN quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006 tr\u1edf \u0111i, n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u00ec BLDS n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u201c<em>theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n do NHNN c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3<\/em>\u201d (\u00a7 474.5). Hai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng B cho C\u00f4ng ty C vay ti\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 14%\/n\u0103m. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS n\u0103m 1995, n\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n sang qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 21% (14% + 7%), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00f2n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS n\u0103m 2005, n\u1ebfu l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 7%\/n\u0103m th\u00ec m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 21%\/n\u0103m (14% + 7%). Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5%\/n\u0103m th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 19%\/n\u0103m (14% + 5%). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 10%\/n\u0103m, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 24%\/n\u0103m (14% + 10%). <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay, c\u00f2n theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai, d\u00f9 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>Ph\u00ed t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u00ed t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i chung, ph\u00ed cho vay n\u00f3i ri\u00eang l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed m\u00e0 b\u00ean vay ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u00ed cho vay nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00ed t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed cam k\u1ebft cho vay c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed cam k\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vay;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3n vay;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed gia h\u1ea1n n\u1ee3;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 l\u00e3i;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed m\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m;<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u00ean vay c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i thanh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00ed ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba nh\u01b0: Ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, ph\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, ph\u00ed tr\u00f4ng gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m,\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00ed cao hay th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd do cung c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do v\u1eady, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c thu ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng v\u0103n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u1ee7a NHNN trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay. D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3n vay l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 (l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t). V\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00ed th\u00ec s\u1ebd v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>Cho vay ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c vay b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. Ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c cho vay b\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n, tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vay b\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 vay \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay (Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 09\/2008\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 10-4-2008 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN, v\u1ec1 Cho vay b\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a TCTD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 25\/2009\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 15-12-2009).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>Ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>Tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n. Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu b\u00ean vay vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n v\u1ed1n cho vay. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS th\u00ec b\u00ean cho vay \u201c<em>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00ean vay tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n\u201d, <\/em>tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean vay \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd (\u00a7 473.3). N\u1ebfu theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00ec tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean cho vay. Theo \u0111\u00f3, khi b\u00ean vay ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n n\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 n\u1ee3 sang n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n, thu h\u1ed3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ee3 vay v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 4 v\u1ec1 thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u00e1ng 7-2007, b\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng Th\u1ecb Tuy\u1ebft Ng. k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng vay c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng V. 800 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay l\u00e0 60 th\u00e1ng, tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c, l\u00e3i cho theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 h\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng. T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba. B\u00e0 Ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 k\u1ef3, sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 ti\u1ebfp. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng V. kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n ra TAND qu\u1eadn Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f2i n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 thu n\u1ee3. To\u00e0 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng V. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng V. th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng: Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Ng. l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, do v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i n\u1ee3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n\u201d. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u201cc\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c cho vay, thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/em><em> kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201c (<\/em><em>\u00a7<\/em> <em>54.1)<\/em><em>. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00e0 Quy ch\u1ebf cho vay c\u1ee7a TCTD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1627\/2010\/Q\u0110-NHNN c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 vay kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c TCTD \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, th\u00ec s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 TCTD th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3; vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1t ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 l\u00e3i v\u1ed1n vay do hai b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.&#8221; <\/em><em>(<\/em><em>\u00a7<\/em> <em>13.2)<\/em><em>. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00f2n To\u00e0 \u00e1n th\u00ec l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay l\u00e0 5 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ebfn nay m\u1edbi l\u00e0 3 n\u0103m, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS th\u00ec Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng V. ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00ean vay tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f2i b\u00ean th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 (\u00a7<\/em> <em>366 v\u00e0 473.3)<\/em><em>. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ee7i ro tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed9i dung sau: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ean vay vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 th\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ean vay tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n theo tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea1t tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean vay c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n vay tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3i theo k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c (\u00a7 478 BLDS). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng thu ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 thu v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 5 v\u1ec1 thu ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng T. cho vay 20 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t 12%\/n\u0103m, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay 13 th\u00e1ng. Ch\u1ec9 5 th\u00e1ng sau, b\u00ean vay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n 15 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS th\u00ec Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng T. c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thu s\u1ed1 ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ebfn 1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng (20 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng x 5 th\u00e1ng x 1%\/th\u00e1ng).<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ean vay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 theo \u0111\u00fang tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng xem x\u00e9t cho c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, bao g\u1ed3m hai c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 gia h\u1ea1n n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 NHNN quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3n vay ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a b\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n cho vay; kho\u1ea3n vay trung, d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a b\u1eb1ng \u00bd th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n cho vay. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kho\u1ea3n vay 12 th\u00e1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gia h\u1ea1n th\u00eam 12 th\u00e1ng n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n vay 13 th\u00e1ng, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gia h\u1ea1n th\u00eam 6,5 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m n\u1ee3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>Hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng <\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00ean vay tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c, l\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. N\u1ebfu tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, To\u00e0 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 theo tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00ean vay tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft n\u1ee3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00ean vay tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft n\u1ee3 (g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e3i) cho b\u00ean cho vay (xem B\u1ea3n \u00e1n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ea9m s\u1ed1 08\/2003\/H\u0110TP-KT ng\u00e0y 29-5-2003 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n TAND TC v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n tranh ch\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty TNHH Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Lam H\u1ed3ng S\u01a1n).<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n xong, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u00fd. C\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n thanh l\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>M\u1ed7i b\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 hai ch\u1eef k\u00fd (gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00ean vay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ch\u1eef k\u00fd (gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n).<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, \u00edt khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n k\u00fd, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c chi nh\u00e1nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c chi nh\u00e1nh u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho b\u00ean vay l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ean vay, gi\u00fap cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cho vay v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (\u00a7 15).<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u00ean vay l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00ec d\u00f2i h\u1edfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00ean vay l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c H\u0110QT trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3n vay hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u201c<em>b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 50% t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty<\/em>\u201d (\u00a7 47, 64 v\u00e0 108 LDN).<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n cho vay c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 10% t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua H\u0110QT ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u0110QT ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay tr\u00ean 15% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN cho ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean cho vay<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>B\u00ean vay v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n sau: <\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng;<\/li>\n<li>Khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>B\u00ean vay v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 sau: <\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, trung th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n vay \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e3i v\u1ed1n vay theo tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng;<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 vay \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean vay, th\u00ec ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb n\u1ebfu b\u00ean cho vay \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng.<\/h5>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"background-color: #d5d5d5;\">Q<\/span>uy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean cho vay<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>B\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n sau: <\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n vay v\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3 thi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vay;<\/li>\n<li>T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vay v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vay v\u1ed1n; d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n vay v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho vay;<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vay v\u1ed1n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c cho vay, thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n, chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng;<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt;<\/li>\n<li>Khi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay theo s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay \u0111\u1ec3 thu n\u1ee3 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay v\u1ed1n;<\/li>\n<li>Mi\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3i ti\u1ec1n vay theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng; gia h\u1ea1n n\u1ee3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n n\u1ee3 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh;<\/li>\n<li>Mua b\u00e1n n\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ee3, khoanh n\u1ee3, xo\u00e1 n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i n\u1ee3 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a NHNN Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>B\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 sau: <\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n cho b\u00ean vay theo \u0111\u00fang tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng;<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng;<\/li>\n<li>L\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean cho vay, th\u00ec ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean.<\/h5>\n<ol start=\"12\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5m cho vay<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Theo Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vay nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau \u0111\u00e2y (kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c TCTD l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c) (\u00a7 77):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u0110QT, Ban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c Ph\u00f3 ti\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed1, m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3, ch\u1ed3ng, con c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean;<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u0110QT, Ban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u0110QT, Ban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia H\u0110QT, Ban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5m cho vay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201ct\u00f9 m\u00f9\u201d, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u00f3;<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay trong m\u1ed7i chi nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay trong m\u1ed7i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t cho vay trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vay.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m cho vay n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u ch\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p,\u2026 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng cam k\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a BLDS hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 BLDS n\u0103m 1995 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y (\u00a7 78.1 Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n, Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebf to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, Thanh tra vi\u00ean;<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng;<\/li>\n<li>Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m cho vay n\u00f3i tr\u00ean s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ean 10% v\u1ed1n \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay l\u00e0 theo tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu cho vay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i hay kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng hay c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p vay v\u1ed1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 thanh tra vi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng hay c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebf to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay. C\u00f2n thanh tra vi\u00ean th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang thanh tra t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean).<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng theo Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft tr\u00ean 10% v\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef tr\u00ean 10% v\u1ed1n c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (\u00a7 20.6). Nh\u01b0ng Lu\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb 5% tr\u1edf l\u00ean s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh (\u00a7 6.9).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 5% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (\u00a7 78.2, Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD). V\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7, c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n cho vay t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng hay Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN cho ph\u00e9p (\u00a7 79.1 v\u00e0 79.2, Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD);<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho vay, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 503px;\" width=\"704\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\"><strong>TT<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"369\"><strong>T\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"189\"><strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"369\">Cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m cho vay<\/td>\n<td width=\"189\">0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"369\">Cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho vay<\/td>\n<td width=\"189\"><u>&lt;<\/u> 05% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"369\">Cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"189\"><u>&lt;<\/u> 15% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"369\">Cho vay + B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"189\"><u>&lt;<\/u> 25% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"369\">Cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 1 nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan<\/td>\n<td width=\"189\"><u>&lt;<\/u> 50% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"369\">Cho vay + B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 1 nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"189\"><u>&lt;<\/u> 60% v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"47\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"369\">Cho vay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 kinh doanh ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/td>\n<td width=\"189\"><u>&lt;<\/u> 20% v\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #d5d5d5;\">N<\/span>\u1ebfu b\u00ean vay c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u vay v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p v\u1ed1n (u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"13\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, theo \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u00ean nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh thay cho b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u00ean nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh. Do v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n cho vay th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 th\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i: B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh vay v\u1ed1n, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh thanh to\u00e1n, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh d\u1ef1 th\u1ea7u, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 thay cho b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, th\u00ec b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay v\u1ed1n, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 thay. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 thay, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1eadn n\u1ee3, Quy ch\u1ebf B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 26\/2006\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 26-6-2006 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n ghi n\u1ee3 (\u00a7 23.1.e). Khi \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><em>B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf <\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00f3 chung bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. Theo \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh m\u00e0 b\u00ean nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh th\u00ec th\u01b0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thu\u1ebf n\u0103m 2006: H\u1ebft th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ebft th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u1ed9p th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u201c<em>c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t ch\u1eadm n\u1ed9p thay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf<\/em>\u201d (\u00a7 42).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"14\">\n<li>\n<h5><strong>B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><em>14.1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c cho vay c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u th\u00ec h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u, th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c l\u1eabn l\u00e3i. Nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc, tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u1ea3y sinh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 6 v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>N\u0103m 1997, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng H. cho \u00f4ng V\u0169 Trung \u0110. vay 600 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 3 t\u1ea7ng \u1edf ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e1c, qu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng V\u0169 Th\u1ebf K. v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thu H.. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3. To\u00e0 s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y 05-7-2006, To\u00e0 ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m TAND TC t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Do v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1i x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng H. kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e3i g\u1ea7n 1,2 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3y bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS l\u00e0: C\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, k\u00fd qu\u1ef9 v\u00e0 t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p (hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f2n k\u00fd c\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang cho giao d\u1ecbch thu\u00ea t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c cho vay c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb v\u1ed1n vay (\u00a7 52.3 Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD). Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c cho vay tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p hay b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh (\u00a7 52.2 Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD).<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ba bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u00fd qu\u1ef9 v\u00e0 t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y vay ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u00fd qu\u1ef9 khi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><em>14.2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Tuy BLDS \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chung, c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u1eeb b\u00ean c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 sang b\u00ean nh\u1eadn c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, c\u00f2n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, h\u1ed1i phi\u1ebfu, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1, v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n (v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n theo l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n v\u00f4 danh).<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n, t\u00e0u c\u00e1 (theo Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai 2003, Nh\u00e0 \u1edf 2005, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i 2005 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n 2003).<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (\u00a7 320.1, BLDS) th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u201cchuy\u1ec3n giao\u201d t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><em>14.3. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Theo Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c TCTD, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho vay (\u00a7 52.2).<\/p>\n<p>Quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 vay v\u1ed1n\u201d (\u00a7 110.2 Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u0110). Quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 vay v\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh\u201d (\u00a7 \u0110i\u1ec1u 113.7 Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u0110). N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u ch\u1eef quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u0110, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 \u1edf hay tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea5t thu\u00ea c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m (\u00a7 \u0110 109.2; 111.2; 114.1 Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u0110). Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u00ea l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh doanh k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u1ea1i khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khu kinh t\u1ebf, khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t;<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc giao \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thu ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t (\u00a7 109.2 Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u0110);<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc giao \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 thu ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u00a7 110.2 Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u0110).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><em>14.4. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i giao d\u1ecbch: C\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, th\u00ec theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m chuy\u1ec3n giao cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n giao cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i giao d\u1ecbch d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty cho chi nh\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty con cho c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty con l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u1ed1n 100% c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty con c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><em>14.5. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p theo BLDS n\u0103m 1995 th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh. C\u00f2n theo BLDS n\u0103m 2005, th\u00ec t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb &#8211; x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh, l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (\u00a7 372, BLDS). Vi\u1ec7c cho vay c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 lu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi cho vay t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho vay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 cho vay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cho vay t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn l\u00e2u nay. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 cho vay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><em>14.6. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u00f4 t\u00f4, t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n, t\u00e0u bay kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, th\u00ec coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. (\u00a7 319.1 BLDS). Ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hay \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00ec v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p (\u00a7 342.1, BLDS).<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/lawyers\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0<\/span><\/a> <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/lawyers\/truong-thanh-duc\/\">Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/lawyers\/\">,<\/a> Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/\">C\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt<\/a> <a style=\"color: #723900;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/anvilawfirm\">ANVI<\/a>, Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i vi\u00ean VIAC.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>S\u00e1ch C\u1ea9m nang H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u00a0&#8211; VCCI 2010:<\/em><\/strong>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng | Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n (ANVI) &#8211; B\u00e0i trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch C\u1ea9m nang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 2005 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,26],"tags":[50,46,36],"class_list":["post-4714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nghien-cuu-bao-chi","category-legal-media","tag-luat-su-dan-su","tag-luat-su-kinh-doanh-thuong-mai","tag-luat-su-ngan-hang"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>129. 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