{"id":5594,"date":"1999-05-07T15:27:04","date_gmt":"1999-05-07T08:27:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/?p=5594"},"modified":"2022-02-07T15:30:55","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T08:30:55","slug":"52-chuan-muc-chu-cai-tieng-viet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/52-chuan-muc-chu-cai-tieng-viet\/","title":{"rendered":"52. Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t."},"content":{"rendered":"(ANVI) – Tham lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i To\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cTi\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

do H\u1ed9i Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5-5-1999 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, tuy nhi\u00ean, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- V\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1eef c\u00e1i? B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n nay g\u1ed3m 22, 23, 24, 29, 33, hay bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1eef c\u00e1i? Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 in B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u00f3 22 ch\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa “Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t – L\u1edbp 1” c\u1ee7a NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1998 (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 1996);<\/p>\n

– B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i in B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i g\u1ed3m 23 ch\u1eef;<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, th\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa in B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i g\u1ed3m 24 ch\u1eef (c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef z);<\/p>\n

– S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i in B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i g\u1ed3m 29 ch\u1eef (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef: \u0103, \u00e2, \u00ea, \u00f4, \u01a1 v\u00e0 \u01b0);<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, do Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00ea ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 V\u0103n ho\u00e1, do Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u01b0 \u00fd ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n\u00a0 n\u0103m 1999) l\u1ea1i in m\u1ed9t \u201cB\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i\u201d g\u1ed3m 33 ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo ch\u1eef c\u00e1i trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p quy b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 4 ki\u1ec3u. Qua \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n gi\u00e1m ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam 2 B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i n\u1eefa, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i 22 ho\u1eb7c 23 ch\u1eef n\u00f3i tr\u00ean,\u00a0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p theo B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t 22 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef la tinh nh\u01b0: f, j,.. (B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i 26 ch\u1eef);<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p theo B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t 23 ch\u1eef (c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef \u0103) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef la tinh nh\u01b0: f, j,.. (B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i 27 ch\u1eef).<\/p>\n

Theo t\u00f4i, c\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 29 ch\u1eef, v\u00ec:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m 22 ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t – L\u1edbp 1 hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc cho ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u201d \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t;<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m 23 ch\u1eef, th\u00ec 6 ch\u1eef thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0: \u0103, \u00e2, \u00ea, \u00f4, \u01a1 v\u00e0 \u01b0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t – L\u1edbp 1″ v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u201cChu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho b\u00e9 v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 1” c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1998, c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi 6 ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “ch\u1eef c\u00e1i” v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t;<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i g\u1ed3m 24 ch\u1eef, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef z kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef z \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u201cnh\u00e2n z\u00e2n\u201d.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m 33 ch\u1eef (ngo\u00e0i 29 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam 4 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i la tinh l\u00e0: f, j, w v\u00e0 z). B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i g\u1ed3m 33 ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, theo t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo ch\u1eef c\u00e1i trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cB\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t\u201d… v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng theo B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng La tinh hay ti\u1ebfng Anh.<\/p>\n

– Ngo\u00e0i ra, B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef c\u00e1i gh\u00e9p nh\u01b0: ch, gh, kh, ng, nh, ph, th, tr,…. m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

2- V\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i <\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t \u00e2m ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 “a, b\u00ea, x\u00ea,…” tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng “a, b\u1edd c\u1edd,…” hi\u1ec7n nay. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc a, b\u00ea, x\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qua c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh, \u0110\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p, M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c,… th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc a, b\u00ea, x\u00ea th\u00e0nh a, b\u1edd, c\u1edd. Li\u1ec7u bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m ch\u1eef c\u00e1i theo c\u00e1ch \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7n nay, theo ki\u1ec3u: C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i B, C, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i b\u1edd-c\u1edd; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 36-CP, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 36 c\u1edd-p\u1edd; Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 01\/1999\/Q\u0110-TTg ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 01\/1999 cu-\u0111\u1edd-t\u1edd-t\u1edd-g\u1edd; Truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh CNN, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u1edd-n\u1edd-n\u1edd; VTV, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u1edd-t\u1edd-v\u1edd;…<\/p>\n

3- V\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef c\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ph\u00f4ng ch\u1eef trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y phong ph\u00fa. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1eef chu\u1ea9n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft hoa v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef a (a v\u00e0 a)<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c hai ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef k (k<\/strong> v\u00e0 k),… in th\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1eady ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n, hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n ch\u1eef c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Trong 3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch: “L\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi ch\u1eef c\u00e1i” (n\u0103m 1997), “Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho b\u00e9 v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 1” (n\u0103m 1998) v\u00e0 “Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t – L\u1edbp 1” (n\u0103m 1998), \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra 3 ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft hoa r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef a, b, c, e, g, h, l, m, n, v,… \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho b\u00e9 v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i in hoa trong B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i (nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef i, ch\u1eef t), r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201cch\u1eef c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0 nh\u1eefng con ch\u1eef, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n th\u00eam:<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

4- V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc vi\u1ebft hoa<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc vi\u1ebft hoa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Ngo\u00e0i danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecba danh v\u00e0 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi,vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft hoa c\u00e1c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u01a1 quan, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb,… tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c xa nhau. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ngay ch\u00ednh t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed vi\u1ebft hoa ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0: \u201cTi\u1ec1n phong\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft\u201d, \u201cQu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ebft hoa to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0: \u201cNh\u00e2n D\u00e2n\u201d, \u201cTh\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi M\u1edbi\u201d, \u201cKinh Doanh V\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfp Th\u1ecb\u201d. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng vi\u1ebft hoa ch\u1eef n\u00e0o nh\u01b0: \u201ctu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb\u201d, \u201ctu\u1ea7n tin t\u1ee9c\u201d, \u201cgi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c & th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1eddi\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1o \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u201d th\u00ec vi\u1ebft hoa c\u00f2n \u201cNg\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddii s\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft hoa ch\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft hoa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u00ec n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u00e1c xa nhau. Xem x\u00e9t 3 \u0111\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh trong 17 n\u0103m qua, l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft hoa. Qua kh\u1ea3o 52 ch\u1eef, trong s\u1ed1 13 danh t\u1eeb, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba danh, ch\u1ee9c danh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, th\u00ec Lu\u1eadt n\u0103m 1980 c\u00f3 14\/52, Lu\u1eadt n\u0103m 1992 c\u00f3 18\/52 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt n\u0103m 1997 c\u00f3 28\/52 ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft hoa.<\/p>\n

Qua v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qua theo d\u00f5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ebft hoa ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc vi\u1ebft hoa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cVi\u1ebft hoa c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb: B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch UBND c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh,… c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thi h\u00e0nh…, th\u00ec ch\u1eef \u201cB\u1ed9\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft hoa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c danh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u201cdanh t\u1eeb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9c danh c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch t\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

5- V\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i <\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 29 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i th\u00ec c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ri\u00eang t\u1eebng con ch\u1eef ho\u1eb7c t\u1eebng ch\u1eef, t\u1eebng t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ch\u1eef. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef ch, gh, kh, ng, nh, ph, th, tr,… c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Trong B\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 A, B, C c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng b\u00e1o m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua,\u00a0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i gh\u00e9p to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m tr\u00ean sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9p ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, x\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c<\/em> tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9<\/em>, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt<\/em> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khen th\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em>, n\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/em> tr\u01b0\u1edbc thi \u0111ua<\/em>,…<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1eadt ch\u1eef c\u00e1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00c2 x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc A, \u0110 x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc C,… v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

\n

B\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110C:\u00a0<\/em>C\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt\u00a0<\/em>ANVI, t\u1ea7ng 2, T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Savina, s\u1ed1 1 \u0110inh L\u1ec5, ph\u1ed1 Tr\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec1n, qu\u1eadn Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm,\u00a0<\/em>HN<\/em><\/p>\n

FB: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c (www.facebook.com\/LSTruongThanhDuc)<\/em><\/p>\n

E-mail: duc.tt\u00a0@anvilaw.com<\/em><\/p>\n

Web: www.anvilaw.com<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110T: 090.345.9070<\/em>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(ANVI) – Tham lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i To\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: \u201cTi\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi\u201d do H\u1ed9i Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5-5-1999 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) \u00a0Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bao-chi-phong-van","category-legal-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n52. 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