{"id":5838,"date":"2010-10-16T10:00:05","date_gmt":"2010-10-16T03:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/?p=5838"},"modified":"2022-02-09T10:03:05","modified_gmt":"2022-02-09T03:03:05","slug":"127-bao-ve-quyen-loi-cua-nguoi-tieu-dung-su-dung-dich-vu-ngan-hang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/127-bao-ve-quyen-loi-cua-nguoi-tieu-dung-su-dung-dich-vu-ngan-hang\/","title":{"rendered":"127. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng."},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
(ANVI) – Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng: T\u1eeb hai g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u00c1 – \u00c2u<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n <\/td>\nNh\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t – Ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 27-28\/9\/2010<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Trong tham lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong 3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sau:<\/em><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 trang 1<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1ed1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0trang 8<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u00a0 \u00a0 trang 16<\/p>\n

\u00b6 \u00b6<\/p>\n

\u00b6<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a>1.\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

1.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a>Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 13\/2009\/PL-UBTVQH10 ng\u00e0y 27-4-1999 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 55\/2008\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 24-4-2008 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o 4, Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mua ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh<\/em>\u201d. V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng vay ti\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cb\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n\u201d cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng hay kh\u00f4ng? D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh vi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec1u 471 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 478 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 b\u00ean cho vay v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u00ean \u0111i vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eedi gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec1u 559 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 566 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 b\u00ean g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u00ean gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu theo lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i vay ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay ti\u1ec1n. Theo \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu theo lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eedi gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, th\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u00ean g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u00ean gi\u1eef ti\u1ec1n. Theo \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u201cph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng\u201d cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn an to\u00e0n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho b\u00ean n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00ec B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u00ean vay ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i (\u0110i\u1ec1u 471) v\u00e0 b\u00ean g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 566).<\/p>\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 2010) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Quy ch\u1ebf Ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1160\/2004\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 13-9-2004 (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 47\/2006\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 25-9-2006) c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eedi gi\u1eef hay H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi\u201d c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201cnh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eedi gi\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng\u201d t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m theo m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0ng v\u00e0o g\u1eedi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu g\u1eedi v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng gi\u1eef v\u00e0ng cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu c\u0169ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng \u1ea5y, theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cmua h\u00e0ng\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cb\u00e1n h\u00e0ng\u201d trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c trong Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f2n n\u1ed9i dung quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1edf t\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng t\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1edfi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

1.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3n 3, \u0110i\u1ec1u <\/a>473 v\u1ec1 \u201cNgh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean cho vay\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean cho vay l\u00e0: \u201cKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00ean vay tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/em>\u201d, tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean vay \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd\u201d (kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 478 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1).<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 v\u1ec1 \u201cR\u00fat ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n\u201d c\u1ee7a Quy ch\u1ebf Ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1160\/2004\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 13-9-2004 (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 47\/2006\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 25-9-2006) c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m khi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m<\/em>.\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi s\u1ebd to\u00e0n quy\u1ebft quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n. M\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n (kho\u1ea3n 3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 16). Kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t do vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n hay l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n, th\u00ec ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3i \u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

1.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eeba k\u1ebf<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u 17 v\u1ec1 \u201cR\u00fat ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m theo th\u1eeba k\u1ebf\u201d c\u1ee7a Quy ch\u1ebf Ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1160\/2004\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 13-9-2004 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cTh\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m theo th\u1eeba k\u1ebf do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf theo di ch\u00fac. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hay theo di ch\u00fac. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eeba k\u1ebf theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eeba k\u1ebf theo di ch\u00fac. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p di ch\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c, th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ea3n di ch\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia di s\u1ea3n th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n di ch\u00fac cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eeba k\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c khi mu\u1ed1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 lo vi\u1ec7c tang l\u1ec5. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang lu\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n. M\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u00e1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u201cxui\u201d kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n ra to\u00e0, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng linh ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, th\u00ec lu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf. Khi \u1ea5y, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd sai v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n \u201cph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/em>\u201d theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 17 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ebft, m\u1ea5t t\u00edch, m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

1.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi<\/p>\n

L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi l\u00e0 do v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i do cung c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, m\u00e9o m\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng[2]<\/a> l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay v\u00e0 \u0111i vay, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb 01-01-1996, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo.[3]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ebd do m\u1ed7i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf cung c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb 01-01-2006 tr\u1edf \u0111i, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 476 v\u1ec1 \u201cL\u00e3i su\u1ea5t\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1, do quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c 1.1 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, x\u00e9t ri\u00eang t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay. N\u1ebfu Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi gian v\u1eeba qua, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Kho\u1ea3n 9, \u0110i\u1ec1u 20 v\u1ec1 \u201cGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb ng\u1eef\u201d c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m 1997 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cTi\u1ec1n g\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3i<\/em>\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 do tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 b\u1eaft l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i cho vay v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u00e9p l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 do c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do v\u1eady, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

1.5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh vi gian l\u1eadn<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n, \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 v\u00e0 15 c\u1ee7a Quy ch\u1ebf Ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1160\/2004\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 13-9-2004 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang ch\u1eef k\u00fd, \u0111\u00fang h\u1ecd t\u00ean, \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng theo gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 6, \u0110i\u1ec1u 27 v\u1ec1 \u201cTr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m\u201d, l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cCh\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, vi ph\u1ea1m, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m do l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec1u 25 v\u1ec1 \u201cTr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n\u201d c\u1ee7a Quy ch\u1ebf n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m: \u201cTh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/em>\u201d (kho\u1ea3n 3) v\u00e0 \u201cCh\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do kh\u00f4ng khai b\u00e1o k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m<\/em>.\u201d (kho\u1ea3n 4). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u201ckh\u00f4ng khai b\u00e1o k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, ch\u1eef k\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u1edbp \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang, th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n. Trong khi, th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n m\u1ea5t th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u1eabn r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do kh\u00f4ng khai b\u00e1o k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u1ee5 b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Mai g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i S\u1edf giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ed1 2 L\u00e1ng H\u1ea1 (\u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Agribank) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Ng\u00e0y 24-12-2008, b\u00e0 Mai ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o m\u1ea5t th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n 294 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Mai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb N\u1ebft l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n r\u00fat h\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11-11-2008. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 25 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ed5 sung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1o m\u1ea5t s\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebb gian l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng do l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi. Trong v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 truy t\u1ed1 k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 \u201cth\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c\u201d th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t, th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea7n thua thi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

1.6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 50 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng.[4]<\/a> N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 17 l\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng 7 l\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i g\u1eedi t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u1eedi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f2n mua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m.[5]<\/a> Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c mua tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu (kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i) do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u00ec v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p g\u1eedi v\u00e0 r\u00fat \u0111\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh cho \u0111\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ed5i ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 ra \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ban h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

<\/a>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1ed1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

2.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a vay v\u1ed1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c vay v\u1ed1n n\u00f3i chung, vay v\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 Quy ch\u1ebf Cho vay c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1627\/2001\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 31-12-2001 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 127\/2005\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 03-02-2005 v\u00e0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 783\/2005\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 31-5-2005). Trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cho vay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c vay v\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 mua nh\u00e0 \u1edf, \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf; mua s\u1eafm \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00f4 t\u00f4, xe m\u00e1y; mua s\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng; du h\u1ecdc; ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh; du l\u1ecbch; hi\u1ebfu h\u1ef7;\u2026 Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cho vay ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean vay v\u1ed1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ra nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed, r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, n\u00ean l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi cho vay v\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

<\/a>2.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vay v\u1ed1n mua b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ee7ng kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ea5y n\u0103m qua. T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay ng\u1eafn (th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 trung h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee9 \u00edt cho vay d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean 5 n\u0103m), s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cho vay \u00edt v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 cho vay c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y tuy b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n cho c\u1ea3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 10% trong t\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, c\u00f2n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 1% t\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n theo ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hay thanh to\u00e1n theo ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f2n \u00edt t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh thanh to\u00e1n mua b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vay v\u1ed1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9p ti\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f3ng \u201cti\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u00fd\u201d,\u2026 m\u00e0 khi x\u1ea3y ra vi ph\u1ea1m cam k\u1ebft, th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n thua thi\u1ec7t lu\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00ean bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1ed1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua nh\u00e0, l\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho vay mua nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n, trong khi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ghi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n

2.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n vay trong h\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1990 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cho vay c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cho vay tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0: \u201cC\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 cho vay; h\u1ed1i xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n<\/em>\u201d.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 05-8-2000 tr\u1edf \u0111i, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 01-6-2002 tr\u1edf \u0111i, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t. [9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 01-01-2006 tr\u1edf \u0111i, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u <\/a>476 v\u1ec1 \u201cL\u00e3i su\u1ea5t\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1: \u201cL\u00e3i su\u1ea5t vay do c\u00e1c b\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150% c\u1ee7a l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n do Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i cho vay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/em>\u201d. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1ed1n n\u00f3i chung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch vay v\u1ed1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch vay v\u1ed1n trong ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. V\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do quy lu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t r\u00e0o, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay cao h\u01a1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu ph\u00ed, thu l\u00e3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n vay,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thua l\u1ed7. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i vi ph\u1ea1m tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 171% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 2-2008.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vay v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ea7n 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 33\/2008\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 03-12-2008 \u201cV\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>\u201d (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cho vay b\u1eb1ng 165% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n);<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 01\/2009\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 23-01-2009 \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a TCTD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cho vay c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, cho vay th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/em>\u201d;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 07\/2010\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 26-02-2010 \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 cho vay b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a TCTD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>\u201d;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 12\/2010\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 14-4-2010 \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 cho vay b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a TCTD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. V\u00ec c\u1ee9 b\u1eaft ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i cho vay v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i vay v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao tr\u00ean 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e1ng 9-2010 n\u00e0y, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i vi ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 202\/2004\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 10-12-2004 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 X\u1eed ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho vay v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111ang so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1999 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cho vay v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb 10 l\u1ea7n tr\u1edf l\u00ean (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1.500% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u00ean) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i cho vay l\u00e3i n\u1eb7ng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 163). Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cho vay \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, trong khi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh, v\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i cho vay n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd do th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf chung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e2ng cao l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t vay v\u1ed1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t: C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, kinh doanh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn n\u00e2ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua nh\u00e0 \u1edf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vay \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kinh doanh nh\u00e0 \u1edf.[11]<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n vay b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n, ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu chung s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00f4 l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1ed1n mua b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i kh\u00e1c nhau trong t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng vay v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t theo s\u1ed1 n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u (add-on), d\u1ec5 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng vay theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 \u00edt ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e1n quy \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng, th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng vay 100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t 12%\/n\u0103m, trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 20 th\u00e1ng, tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e3i h\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng theo d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n) nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 10,5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c vay ban \u0111\u1ea7u (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i), th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0: 100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng x 20 (th\u00e1ng) x 12%\/n\u0103m = 20 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec tuy c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t 12%\/n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 21,63%\/n\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vay v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, hay ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00e3i theo d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hai d\u1ea1ng tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 sau, c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0: L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n x tr\u1edf \u0111i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, theo c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng,… Tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u00ean cho vay;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0: L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n x tr\u1edf \u0111i theo th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho vay ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 x%. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i \u201cth\u00f2ng\u201d th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n x%. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay, v\u00ec tuy l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, n\u0103m n\u00e0o Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay. Nh\u1eefng tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i cho b\u00ean n\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u00ean kia s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn theo th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea1nh tranh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ai l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft. Trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ra tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn m\u1eabu v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ean vay tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Vay v\u1ed1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u1edbp \u0111\u00fang ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 cho vay s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay v\u1ed1n theo tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00ec kho\u1ea3n 2, \u0110i\u1ec1u 478 v\u1ec1 \u201c<\/a><\/a><\/a>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng vay c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00e3i th\u00ec b\u00ean vay c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3i theo k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng thu ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 thu v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay ti\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

2.5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n vay qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay trong h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 150% n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1995 giao cho Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006 tr\u1edf \u0111i, kho\u1ea3n 5, \u0110i\u1ec1u 474 v\u1ec1 \u201c<\/a>Ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean vay\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi: \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vay c\u00f3 l\u00e3i m\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n b\u00ean vay kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec b\u00ean vay ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i tr\u00ean n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e3i n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n do Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3<\/em>\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng B. cho \u00f4ng C. vay ti\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 14%\/n\u0103m. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1995, n\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n sang qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 14% + 7% = 21%, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005, n\u1ebfu l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 6%\/n\u0103m, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 14% + 6% = 20%\/n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 8%\/n\u0103m, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 14% + 8% = 22%\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay, c\u00f2n theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n cho vay ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n 16% hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 khi b\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng 150% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t trong h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt theo th\u00f3i quen c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 18 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

2.6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn n\u00e0o trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, th\u00ec ph\u00eda ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u1eebng gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp, chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n, thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay v\u1ed1n, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1eb7p nguy c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng do c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu, v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 407 v\u1ec1 \u201c<\/a><\/a><\/a>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 theo m\u1eabu\u201d th\u00ec \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00ec b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3<\/em>\u201d (kho\u1ea3n 2) v\u00e0 \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n mi\u1ec5n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu, t\u0103ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ean kia th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c<\/em>.\u201d (kho\u1ea3n 3). Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 407: \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n do m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra theo m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ean kia tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian h\u1ee3p l\u00fd; n\u1ebfu b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00ec coi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu m\u00e0 b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra<\/em>.\u201d V\u00ec v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung trong \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1eabu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xem x\u00e9t?<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n vay v\u1ed1n tham gia v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i k\u00fd v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ee3, ch\u1ed3ng \u0111i xa.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n

3.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t<\/p>\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t theo t\u00fai ni\u00eam phong<\/em>.\u201d[14]<\/a> T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n theo t\u00fai ni\u00eam phong c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: \u201cTrong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi b\u00f3 (t\u00fai, bao) ti\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean ni\u00eam phong (tr\u00ean ni\u00eam phong ghi t\u00ean NHNN, TCTD, KBNN) cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/em>\u201d \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung n\u00eau t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng v\u0103n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.[15]<\/a> Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm ngay t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y giao d\u1ecbch, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 b\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n (10 th\u1ebfp) ni\u00eam phong, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng giao nguy\u00ean b\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u00f3c \u0111i t\u1edd ni\u00eam phong \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm, ph\u00e2n chia, mang \u0111i thanh to\u00e1n, n\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, thi\u1ebfu, l\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1ecf th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean ni\u00eam phong, v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean, ch\u1eef k\u00fd tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y ni\u00eam phong ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u00f3, t\u00fai, h\u1ed9p hay bao, th\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 ni\u00eam phong<\/em>.\u201d[16]<\/a>, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. V\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7y giao d\u1ecbch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0129nh ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7y chi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/em>\u201d[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Trong giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u201cs\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ti\u1ec1n theo th\u1ebfp, b\u00f3, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ri\u00eang, ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng ri\u00eang<\/em>\u201d. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong ng\u00e0nh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9p ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh 2 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i b\u00ean gi\u1eef 1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 2 n\u0103m.[19]<\/a> Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea ri\u00eang th\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh 2 b\u1ea3n. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00eda ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gi\u1eef b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea, c\u00f2n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c giao nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong giao d\u1ecbch n\u1ed9p v\u00e0 r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n tranh ch\u1ea5p H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng TMCP H\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00f4ng V\u0169 Trung \u0110\u00e1t, do TAND th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i x\u1eed s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m trong hai ng\u00e0y 11 v\u00e0 12-01-2006 v\u00e0 To\u00e0 Ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m TAND T\u1ed1i cao t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i x\u00e9t x\u1eed ng\u00e0y 05-7-2006.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean trong giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 60\/2006\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 27-12-2006 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00ec Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng v\u0103n l\u00e0: \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea thu (chi) c\u1ee7a NHNN \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea) nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n thu (chi) ngay m\u1eb7t sau ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong giao d\u1ecbch<\/em>\u201d.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n nghi gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 tinh vi \u0111\u1ebfn ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m ng\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra. Nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9p ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1eadp bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n thu gi\u1eef theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. [21]<\/a> S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 5 t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3 (ho\u1eb7c 5 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3) tr\u1edf l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch th\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u00ec bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng an. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

3.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ebb ATM<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch, t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea3 ra. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n oan. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n qua m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1p thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n, giao d\u1ecbch r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb th\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n hay c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gian l\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7m ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ATM.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n r\u00e1ch, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, mang \u0111i ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u00e1y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t ph\u00ed b\u1eb1ng 4% t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ATM c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.[22]<\/a> \u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n r\u00fat t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ATM c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh khi r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c. [23]<\/a><\/p>\n

An to\u00e0n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ATM c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ec9 qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2010 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u00e1y ATM d\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c m\u00e1y c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1eeba s\u1ee9c g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng. N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u Ch\u00e2u Linh Uy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ATM \u1edf Ph\u00f2ng giao d\u1ecbch Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, Chi nh\u00e1nh M\u1ea1c Th\u1ecb B\u01b0\u1edfi, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Agribank (qu\u1eadn 1, TP HCM) chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y 01-4-2010 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f2 t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t ATM gi\u1eadt th\u00f3t tim, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u1ecb l\u0103n \u0111\u00f9ng, ng\u00e3 ng\u1eeda m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xin l\u1ed7i, b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb ATM c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 d\u01b0ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. D\u00f9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n oan. V\u1ee5 \u00e1n b\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Thanh Th\u1ee7y, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean X\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t N\u1ed9i B\u00e0i ki\u1ec7n Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i C\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n K\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Techcombank) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. B\u00e0 Thu\u1ef7 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 (PIN) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a cho ai th\u1ebb ATM. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 12-01-2005 th\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u00fat m\u1ea5t 30 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng qua 16 giao d\u1ecbch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0 Th\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch g\u00ec b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb ATM v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 PIN c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thua ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a TAND qu\u1eadn Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0o hai ng\u00e0y 22 v\u00e0 23-9-2005 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean to\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a TAND th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29-11-2005.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ATM l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u1ebb, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ATM kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec th\u1ebb ATM c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ATM c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00fat th\u1ebb v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1y, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb nu\u1ed1t th\u1ebb. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ATM kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nu\u1ed1t m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

<\/a>3.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 mua ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng khan hi\u1ebfm ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch du h\u1ecdc, du l\u1ecbch, \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i,\u2026 Khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0nh ra ch\u1ee3 \u0111en mua, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u00e1n ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 mua v\u00e0o. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n

3.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3n 2, \u0110i\u1ec1u 104 v\u1ec1 \u201cB\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u201d c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m 1997 ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>\u201d, \u201ctr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>.\u201d <\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 70\/2000\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 21-11-2000 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1eedi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1eedi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i);<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1eedi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thanh tra, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, truy t\u1ed1, x\u00e9t x\u1eed, thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1eedi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00fd;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf, c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, giao d\u1ecbch qua t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thu\u1ebf,\u2026<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1eedi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec7n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Nhi\u1ec1u khi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi th\u01b0 ch\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi hay th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng khai danh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u00fang th\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t khuy\u1ebfn m\u1ea1i,\u2026 Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u 14 v\u1ec1 \u201cB\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin\u201d c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m 2010 (c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 01-01-2011) \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/em>.\u201d (kho\u1ea3n 2) v\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1eedi, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>.\u201d (kho\u1ea3n 3). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1eedi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt, th\u00ec theo Lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 thanh to\u00e1n, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n hay vi\u1ec7c vay v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, n\u1ebfu theo \u0111\u00fang t\u1eeb ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, th\u00ec k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 vay v\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 thu nh\u1eadp, chi ti\u00eau hay vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ec3 vay v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

\u00b6 \u00b6<\/p>\n

\u00b6<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, tuy kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee9c x\u00fac v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c tuy \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

————————————–<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110C:\u00a0<\/em>C\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt\u00a0<\/em>ANVI, t\u1ea7ng 2, T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Savina, s\u1ed1 1 \u0110inh L\u1ec5, ph\u1ed1 Tr\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec1n, qu\u1eadn Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm,\u00a0<\/em>HN<\/em><\/p>\n

FB: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c (www.facebook.com\/LSTruongThanhDuc)<\/em><\/p>\n

E-mail: duc.tt\u00a0@anvilaw.com<\/em><\/p>\n

Web: www.anvilaw.com<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110T: 090.345.9070<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Xem \u201cVai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u201d – Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 5, th\u00e1ng 3-2008.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Xem \u201cNh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u201d – Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kinh doanh s\u1ed1 42 ng\u00e0y 31-5-2010.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 381\/Q\u0110-NHNN1 ng\u00e0y 28-12-1995.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u 4, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 89\/1999\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 01-9-1999 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 109\/2005\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 24-8-2005).<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u 3, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 89\/1999\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 01-9-1999 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 109\/2005\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 24-8-2005).<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u 50, Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 1, Quy ch\u1ebf Cho vay c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1627\/2001\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 31-12-2001.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Kho\u1ea3n 10, \u0110i\u1ec1u 2, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 138-H\u0110BT ng\u00e0y 08-5-1990 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y NHNN Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 242\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 02-08-2000.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 546\/2002\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 30-05-2002.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Xem \u201cLu\u1eadt cho – kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m; lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m\u201d – Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Th\u1eddi b\u00e1o Kinh t\u1ebf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n s\u1ed1 15 ng\u00e0y 02-3-2009.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Ba C\u00f4ng v\u0103n s\u1ed1 1288\/NHNN-CSTT ng\u00e0y 27-2-2009; s\u1ed1 7525\/NHNN-CSTT ng\u00e0y 25-9-2009 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 8889\/NHNN-CSTT ng\u00e0y 12-11-2009 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cho vay c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, cho vay th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 01\/2009\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 23-01-2009.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Xem \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n\u201d – Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 13 th\u00e1ng 7-2008.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 151\/2006\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 20-12-2006 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; Quy ch\u1ebf Chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u, t\u00e1i chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a NHNN \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, do Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN ban h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2003, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103m 2008.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 9 v\u1ec1 \u201cThu, chi ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 60\/2006\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 27-12-2006 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u0110o\u1ea1n 3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 v\u1ec1 \u201cKi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d, \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 60\/2006\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 27-12-2006 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Kho\u1ea3n 3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 v\u1ec1 \u201cNi\u00eam phong ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t\u201d, \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 60\/2006\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 27-12-2006 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u0110o\u1ea1n 3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 v\u1ec1 \u201cKi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d, \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 60\/2006\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 27-12-2006 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec3m b, m\u1ee5c 4, Ph\u1ea7n II, C\u00f4ng v\u0103n s\u1ed1 696\/NHNN-PHKQ ng\u00e0y 19-01-2007 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc V\/v \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 theo Q\u0110 s\u1ed1 60\/2006<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u 44, \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho, qu\u1ef9 trong ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u201d, <\/em>ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 184\/NH-Q\u0110 ng\u00e0y 10-10-1991 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN; \u0110i\u1ec1u 42, \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d, <\/em>ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 247\/1999\/Q\u0110-NHNN6 ng\u00e0y 14-7-1999; \u0110i\u1ec1u 7, \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1\u201d <\/em>ban h\u00e0nh theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 269\/2002\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 01-4-2002.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> M\u1ee5c 3, Ph\u1ea7n II, C\u00f4ng v\u0103n s\u1ed1 696\/NHNN-PHKQ ng\u00e0y 19-01-2007 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc V\/v \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giao nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 theo Q\u0110 s\u1ed1 60\/2006<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 v\u1ec1 \u201cThu gi\u1eef ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3\u201d, Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, ti\u1ec1n nghi gi\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 28\/2008\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 10-10-2008 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 v\u1ec1 \u201cPh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng\u201d. Quy ch\u1ebf Thu \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 24\/2008\/Q\u0110-NHNN ng\u00e0y 22-8-2008 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c NHNN.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u201cL\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec ATM ‘nh\u00e8’…ti\u1ec1n r\u00e1ch\u201d, http:\/\/www.vietnamnet.vn\/kinhte\/201003\/Lai-khon-kho-ve-ATM-nhetien-rach-900383\/.","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(ANVI) – Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng: T\u1eeb hai g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u00c1 – \u00c2u   Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t – Ph\u00e1p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 27-28\/9\/2010 Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bao-chi-phong-van","category-legal-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n127. 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