{"id":6010,"date":"2013-03-09T16:56:10","date_gmt":"2013-03-09T09:56:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/?p=6010"},"modified":"2022-02-11T12:17:18","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T05:17:18","slug":"170-binh-luan-mot-so-che-dinh-trong-bo-luat-dan-su-nam-2005","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/170-binh-luan-mot-so-che-dinh-trong-bo-luat-dan-su-nam-2005\/","title":{"rendered":"170. B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005."},"content":{"rendered":"<strong><em>H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 2005\u00a0 &#8211; VCCI \u2013 VIAC, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 01-3-2013<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>B\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh trong 9 b\u1ea3n tham lu\u1eadn g\u00f3p \u00fd s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005, trong th\u1eddi gian 2010-2012.<\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 c<\/strong><strong>h\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y\u201d bao v\u00e2y Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u bay, t\u00e0u thu\u1ef7, \u00f4 t\u00f4,\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<p>Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0: C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro, Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eb7ng cho.<\/p>\n<p>Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 174 v\u1ec1 \u201c<a name=\"_Toc246746727\"><\/a>B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, nh\u00e0, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ct\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c\u201d n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u00e0u bay, t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n. V\u1eady, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u1eadt sai?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"_Toc270148651\"><\/a> V\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ed5 c\u1eeda:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc246746832\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103888143\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331302\"><\/a>Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed5 c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1p ranh gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 s\u01a1 s\u00e0i t\u1ea1i k<a name=\"_Toc246746837\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103888148\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331307\"><\/a>ho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 171 v\u1ec1 \u201cH\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ed5 c\u1eeda\u201d quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c<em>Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed5 c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 quay sang nh\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i chung theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Quy chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u0103m 1996 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (\u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c), th\u00ec c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, c\u1eeda th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng theo Quy chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 tha h\u1ed3 tr\u1ed5 c\u1eeda sang nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u201c<em>x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u00e0 xung quanh<\/em>.\u201d, th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"_Toc270148652\"><\/a> V\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung trong nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3n 2, \u0110i\u1ec1u 225 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c<em>Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c c\u0103n h\u1ed9 trong nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ngang nhau trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chung<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c c\u0103n h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1edf h\u1eefu. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u0103n h\u1ed9 50 m<sup>2<\/sup> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ngang nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u0103n h\u1ed9 300m<sup>2<\/sup>. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng v\u00f4 l\u00fd khi suy di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u201cngang nhau\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 225: \u201c<em>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c c\u0103n h\u1ed9 trong nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Theo \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i k<a name=\"_Toc246746785\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103888102\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331261\"><\/a>ho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 225 v\u1ec1 \u201cS\u1edf h\u1eefu chung trong nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005; kho\u1ea3n 3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 70 v\u1ec1 \u201cPh\u1ea7n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung trong nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e0 \u1edf n\u0103m 2006<a name=\"_Toc270075330\"><\/a>; \u0111o\u1ea1n 2, \u0111i\u1ec3m b, kho\u1ea3n 3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 22 v\u1ec1 \u201cNguy\u00ean t\u1eafc mua b\u00e1n nh\u00e0, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Kinh doanh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2006<a name=\"_Toc268596561\"><\/a>, th\u00ec t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u201cn\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 xe\u201d, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u00f9ng chung, m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng do B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u00e1c Lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i chung th\u1eadt r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd dai d\u1eb3ng b\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n th\u1eafng b\u1ea1i, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 B\u1ed9 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i x\u1eed l\u00fd theo h\u01b0\u1edbng sai lu\u1eadt, g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, b\u00ean y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"_Toc270148654\"><\/a> V\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh ra nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c, th\u1ebb ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, v\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi,\u2026 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t trong hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n b\u00e1n, t\u1eb7ng cho v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1eeba k\u1ebf hay chia t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung) thay v\u00ec tuy\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u 100% nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u1eadt l\u1ecdng, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"_Toc270148656\"><\/a> V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec1u 273 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 278.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 <a name=\"_Toc246747045\"><\/a>vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mua tr\u1ea3 ch\u1eadm, tr\u1ea3 d\u1ea7n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 461), nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua tr\u1ea3 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 d\u1ea7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang b\u00e1n, c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc103888339\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331498\"><\/a>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>\u201ctrong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i, b\u00ean mua kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1eb7ng cho, cho thu\u00ea, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n\u201d <\/em>(\u0110i\u1ec1u 462), nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec b\u00ean mua \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00ean v\u1eabn giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m. R\u1ee7i ro s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c<em>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp di ch\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n di s\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u1eeba k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong di ch\u00fac qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang<\/em>\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u <a name=\"_Toc246747280\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103888547\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331705\"><\/a>670). Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n di s\u1ea3n. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i sang t\u00ean quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd s\u1edf h\u1eefu). V\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u00ean tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd s\u1edf h\u1eefu di s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 c<\/strong><strong>h\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/strong><strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. C\u1ea3 4 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, th\u00ec \u0111ang b\u1ecb b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eadp m\u1edd, coi nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n tham gia quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"_Toc326319370\"><\/a> B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tham gia quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m xem x\u00e9t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, \u0110i\u1ec1u 9 v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft h\u00f4n\u201d, Lu\u1eadt H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u0103m 2000 l\u1ea1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u201ct\u1eeb\u201d 18 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 do b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec3 th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee7 9 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadt H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u0103m 2000) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee7 14 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p Ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 05\/1999\/N\u0110-CP; ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1999; qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a con theo Lu\u1eadt H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u0103m 2000; b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, t\u1ea1m giam theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt T\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2003; khai b\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u00fa theo Lu\u1eadt C\u01b0 tr\u00fa n\u0103m 2006; x\u00e1c minh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n theo Lu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2008; b\u1ecb x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh theo Lu\u1eadt X\u1eed l\u00fd vi ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2012; h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1, t\u1eadp ngh\u1ec1 theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 2012.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n:<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi kinh t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fd do l\u00e0 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 84 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201cC\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c\u201d, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam kho\u00e1 \u0111u\u00f4i \u201ct\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3\u201d, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. C\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e2n danh m\u00ecnh tham gia c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean coi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng thu h\u1eb9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c tham gia quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"_Toc246746693\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103888021\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331180\"><\/a> Ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3n 5, \u0110i\u1ec1u 144 v\u1ec1 \u201cPh\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\u201d, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c<em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c<\/em>.\u201d Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111ang g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"_Toc246746692\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103888020\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331179\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc246746631\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103887965\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331134\"><\/a> U\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean do kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 143 v\u1ec1 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n\u201d, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c<em>C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/em>.\u201d, cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0 \u00e1n vin v\u00e0o ch\u1eef \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc246747184\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103888460\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331619\"><\/a>Kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 583 v\u1ec1 \u201cU\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i\u201d, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c<em>B\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u201d <\/em>C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho ti\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 3, th\u1ee9 4, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf khac n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn do v\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 h<\/strong><strong>\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 v\u00e0n r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec tuy c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c tham gia quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham gia giao d\u1ecbch, l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh khi th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, khi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m hay kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, cho n\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ebft\u201d m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau khi ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ed5 h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m giao d\u1ecbch, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i suy \u0111o\u00e1n qua truy t\u00ecm nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00e1c, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong 40 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 52 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi r\u00f5 h\u1ecd t\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y) thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi t\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 2 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nguy h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n b\u1ecf h\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f3i chung, quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9 m\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edf h\u1eefu to\u00e0n d\u00e2n hay s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c:<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 Ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. V\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u trong quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1?<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tham gia giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn 2 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 13 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kahsc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li>Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, xung \u0111\u1ed9t nhau, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li>V\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc103888004\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331163\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103887999\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331158\"><\/a>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 khi vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 4 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 122, 128, 130, 133, 134 v\u00e0 410. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u n\u00f3i chung (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 69, 129, 131, 410 v\u00e0 411).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh g<\/strong><strong>iao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 \u1edf:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u 114 \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 \u1edf\u201d, Lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e0 \u1edf n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u1edf 2 n\u1ed9i dung, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e0 \u1edf n\u0103m 2005 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ecbec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai n\u0103m 2003 (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2009) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 vay v\u1ed1n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 \u1edf hay ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai, Lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e0 \u1edf) theo h\u01b0\u1edbng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p tr\u00f9ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n, chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, hi\u1ec3u sai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1995, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00f3i chung th\u00ec c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p (To\u00e0 \u00e1n) l\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec c\u0169ng sai v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u01a1 l\u1eedng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 vay v\u1ed1n cho ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 vay v\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00fd v\u1edbi 2 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00fd v\u1edbi 2 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, b\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 B\u00ean vay v\u1ed1n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p mang t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho kho\u1ea3n vay c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd gi\u1eefa 2 b\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho kho\u1ea3n vay c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty th\u00ec l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd gi\u1eefa 3 b\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam c\u00f4ng ty v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 b\u00ean vay v\u1ed1n v\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 5, \u0110i\u1ec1u 144 \u201c<a name=\"_Toc326319524\"><\/a>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\u201d, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c<em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c<\/em>.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i chung. Do ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u201cquy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vay v\u1ed1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n tuy\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00e1c lu\u00f4n n\u01a1m n\u1edbp nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean th\u1edbt tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 2 b\u00ean k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m 3 b\u00ean. Ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ty k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c k\u00fd h\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u201cqua m\u1eb7t\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1995, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, nh\u00e0 \u1edf n\u00f3i chung, b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 lu\u1eadt \u0111ang nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n (kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo theo t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e8m theo bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, ngo\u00e0i ra ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n giao b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, trong khi c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng dung t\u00fang cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi gian l\u1eadn, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp tay cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb giao d\u1ecbch l\u1eadt l\u1ecdng, b\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng sau d\u00f9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 nhanh tay \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00fang ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn duy nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng san s\u1ebb hay hy sinh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p sau).<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u00e9t x\u1eed, d\u00f9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con n\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec c\u0169ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, c\u00f9ng nhau tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u ho\u00e1. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn 2-3 th\u1ee9 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t nhau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p sai v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia th\u00ec \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng sai. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t trong 2 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> V\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, d\u00f9 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n hay b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i chung, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p n\u00f3i ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc103888200\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331359\"><\/a>Kho\u1ea3n 2, \u0110i\u1ec1u 122 \u201c<a name=\"_Toc326319500\"><\/a>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c<em>H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>.\u201d \u0110o\u1ea1n 2, kho\u1ea3n 2, \u0110i\u1ec1u 401 \u201c<a name=\"_Toc326319850\"><\/a>H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c<em>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c<\/em>.\u201d Kho\u1ea3n 3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 323 \u201c<a name=\"_Toc326319760\"><\/a>\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m\u201d, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c<em>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u00ec h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba (v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia giao d\u1ecbch). Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u00e9t x\u1eed, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 1 trong 2 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi b\u00ean n\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u201cc\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u00f3i ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ean nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt T\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ea1i To\u00e0 \u00e1n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vai tr\u00f2 tham gia gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u00ec m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m 2010 \u00a0v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u0103m 2010 l\u1ea1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng khai th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kinh doanh h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn giao d\u1ecbch k\u1ef9 qu\u1ef9, c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c:<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 161):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc246746712\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc103888038\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc102331197\"><\/a>B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 trong giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201c<em>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p<\/em>\u201d nh\u01b0ng chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 161 v\u1ec1 \u201cTh\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 \u00e1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cTh\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean mang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cs\u00e1ng t\u00e1c\u201d ra \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0 t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 305, 404, 576, 709):<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 theo \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong h\u01a1n 2 n\u0103m qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 13,5%\/n\u0103m, c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 14%\/n\u0103m. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c cho vay \u0111\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, g\u1ea5p t\u1edbi v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1i kho\u00e1y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, ngang nhi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean 14-15%\/n\u0103m, th\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 \u0110<a name=\"_Toc247355850\"><\/a>i\u1ec1u 306 v\u1ec1 \u201cQuy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i do ch\u1eadm thanh to\u00e1n\u201d, c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i: \u201c<em>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadm thanh to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng hay ch\u1eadm thanh to\u00e1n th\u00f9 lao d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00e1c th\u00ec b\u00ean b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thanh to\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c<\/em>.\u201d th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eabn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ebf t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 36%\/n\u0103m, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm tr\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 90%\/n\u0103m (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho vay cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p 2-3 l\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p 2-3 l\u1ea7n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t trong h\u1ea1n). V\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m, th\u00ec Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u00ccNH LU\u1eacN M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 CH\u1ebe \u0110\u1ecaNH TRONG <\/strong><strong>B\u1ed8 LU\u1eacT D\u00c2N S\u1ef0 N\u0102M 2005<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0110C:\u00a0<\/em><em>C\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt\u00a0<\/em><em>ANVI, t\u1ea7ng 2, T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Savina, s\u1ed1 1 \u0110inh L\u1ec5, ph\u1ed1 Tr\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec1n, qu\u1eadn Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm,\u00a0<\/em><em>HN<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>FB: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c (www.facebook.com\/LSTruongThanhDuc)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>E-mail: duc.tt\u00a0@anvilaw.com<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Web: www.anvilaw.com<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0110T: 090.345.9070<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u00a0 B\u00e0i th\u1ee9 12 trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2015.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005\u201d &#8211; Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p 29-9-2010.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 \u2013 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005, HN 05-12-2012.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u00a0\u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005\u201d, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c &#8211; H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005, B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 JICA t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 30-8-2011.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 \u2013 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005, HN 05-12-2012.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005\u201d , Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c &#8211; H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, giao d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 \u2013 \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung &#8211; B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 5 &#8211; 6\/6\/2012<\/p>\n<p>\u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 \u2013 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005, Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, HN 05-12-2012.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005 \u2013 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005, HN 05-12-2012.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005\u201d &#8211; Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p 25-5-2012.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong kinh doanh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u2013 B\u1ea5t c\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n) &#8211; Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 8 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p B\u1ed9 n\u0103m 2012: \u201cPh\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong kinh doanh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u2013 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p\u201d, Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: TS. V\u00f5 \u0110\u00ecnh To\u00e0n, Ph\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p.), th\u00e1ng 01-2013.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005\u201d, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c &#8211; H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u201cTh\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a BLDS n\u0103m 2005 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d &#8211; B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 25-5-2012.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn B\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u00e0 so\u00e1t B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005\u201d &#8211; Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o B\u00e1o c\u00e1o R\u00e0 so\u00e1t B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1, VCCI, 14-9-2011.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u201cB\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn B\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u00e0 so\u00e1t B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005\u201d &#8211; Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c, Tham lu\u1eadn H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o B\u00e1o c\u00e1o R\u00e0 so\u00e1t B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1, VCCI, 14-9-2011.","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 2005\u00a0 &#8211; VCCI \u2013 VIAC, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 01-3-2013 B\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh trong 9 b\u1ea3n tham lu\u1eadn g\u00f3p \u00fd s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005, trong th\u1eddi gian 2010-2012. V\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu[2] V\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd s\u1edf h\u1eefu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bao-chi-phong-van","category-legal-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>170. B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005.  - ANVI Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/anvilaw.com\/vi\/170-binh-luan-mot-so-che-dinh-trong-bo-luat-dan-su-nam-2005\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:vi]170. B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 2005. 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